PROCESS FOR THE PNEUMATIC TRANSPORT OF A PULVERULENT MATERIAL

专利摘要:
The present invention relates to a method and a device for the pneumatic conveying of a powdery material, the method comprising: - a step of pneumatic transport of a powdery material in a (first) pneumatic conveying pipeline (13) and in an area of receiving by a flow generated by a blower, - a pulverulent material metering step, and - a pressure drop fluctuation step in said pneumatic transport pipeline or to said receiving zone, a sound device (12) generating sound waves within said pneumatic transport pipeline or to said receiving zone and providing an opposite action on the step of fluctuation of the pressure drop in said pneumatic transport pipeline or to said receiving zone .
公开号:BE1025278B1
申请号:E2017/5860
申请日:2017-11-27
公开日:2019-01-09
发明作者:Hugues Baquet；Johan Heiszwolf；Joël Letouzey；David Lyons；Chad Timothy METZ；Howard Braxton FITZGERALD；Gregory M. Filippelli
申请人:S.A. Lhoist Recherche Et Developpement；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

The present invention relates to a pneumatic transport method for a pulverulent material, in particular a pulverulent sorbent, comprising the following steps
the pneumatic transport of a pulverulent material, in particular of a pulverulent sorbent, in a first pneumatic transport pipeline from a storage tank of pulverulent material, in particular a pulverulent sorbent, to a reception zone, said first pneumatic transport pipeline comprising a pipeline wall and being connected to said pulverulent material storage tank, in particular a pulverulent sorbent, and to said receiving zone, said pulverulent material, in particular said pulverulent sorbent, being transported pneumatically inside said first pneumatic transport pipeline and in said receiving zone by a flow generated by a blower connected to said first pneumatic transport pipeline and blowing a transport fluid inside said first pneumatic transport pipeline in which particles of said pulverulent material, in particular of said sor powdered bant, are transported,
a step for dosing powdery material, in particular a powdery sorbent, by means of a dosing means for dosing a quantity of said powdery material, in particular said powdery sorbent, when it enters from said powdery material storage tank , in particular said pulverulent sorbent, in said first pneumatic transport pipeline, said first pneumatic transport pipeline being connected to said tank for storing pulverulent material, in particular said pulverulent sorbent, by means of said metering means,
a step of fluctuating pressure drop in said first pneumatic conveying pipeline and / or to said receiving zone.
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During the pneumatic transport of a pulverulent material, in particular a pulverulent sorbent, between a pulverulent material storage tank, in particular a pulverulent sorbent, and a receiving zone, fluctuations in pressure drop occur at n ' any time, very frequently and are difficult to control. Pressure drop fluctuations can be due to a number of intrinsic factors in the pneumatic conveying process or to an external event.
These pressure drop fluctuations disturb the entire pneumatic transport of the pulverulent material, in particular of the pulverulent sorbent, to be transported, causing different types of disturbances. Among other disturbances, one can find the fact that the pressure drop fluctuations cause a modification of the transport speed of the material / sorbent powder.
The material / powder sorbent flows have a saltation rate below which the powder material, in particular the powder sorbent, begins to settle in the pneumatic conveying pipe, while it is supplied to a transport fluid blown by blowers have a safe nominal speed value, higher than the saltation speed, to prevent the pulverulent material, in particular the pulverulent sorbent, from settling inside the pneumatic conveying hose.
Unfortunately, many fluctuations occur at any time during the pneumatic transport of a pulverulent material, in particular a pulverulent sorbent, which causes instability due to the pressure drop inside the pipeline. pneumatic transport.
In fact, the blowers are characterized by a curve between the pressure drop and the flow. The pressure drop, i.e. the difference between the pressure inside the receiving area and the pressure at the inlet of the first transport pipe, is that imposed by the installation inside from which a pneumatic transport must take place and the characterization curve of the
BE2017 / 5860 blower gives a flow rate during the pneumatic transport of the pulverulent material, in particular of the pulverulent sorbent, which depends on the value of the pressure that is found inside the installation.
As soon as there is a small fluctuation in pressure drop (caused, for example, but not limited to, by a change in atmospheric conditions, a change in temperature of the transport fluid, a reduction in section of the pipeline which can be due to fouling, partial fouling, an object disrupting the flow of the blower, discontinuous loading of a pulverulent material, in particular with a rotary valve, an electric power cut or a voltage (or current) fluctuation, the blowing of soot, a change in charge (capacity), a change in the operating conditions of the gas purifier, the pulses of a bag filter, the click of an electrostatic precipitator, variations in injection of fuel, variations in the quality of a fuel (for example, energy, humidity and ash content), changes in regime of the sector, forced draft or induced draft, fans of the installation but also the inhomogeneity of the flow rate of the pulverulent material, in particular of the pulverulent sorbent, dosed and introduced into the pneumatic transport pipeline, the agglomerates of pulverulent material in the air flow by the metering means, etc.), the pressure drop begins to decrease or increase without it being possible to regulate the pneumatic transport of the sorbent / pulverulent material quickly enough so that it is not disturbed. These pressure fluctuations in the receiving zone of the process flue gas can directly affect the flow rate of the gas used in the pneumatic transport pipeline before injection because the regulation of the blowers, if any, is usually not not reactive enough. Consequently, there is a change in flow regime, which results in a change in the mass ratio between the pulverulent material and the transport fluid. Therefore, for example, but not limited to, as the pressure drop increases, the speed
BE2017 / 5860 pneumatic or the flow rate of the transport fluid is reduced so that the speed of the transport fluid is likely to reach a value below the safe nominal speed value, which therefore causes sedimentation, inside the pneumatic conveying pipeline, of pulverulent material, in particular of powdery sorbent, transported pneumatically. Sedimentation of the pulverulent material, in particular of the pulverulent sorbent, increases the pressure drop, which results in an even lower gas flow. Clearly, for systems for which the gas flow rate is not actively regulated or for systems for which the gas flow rate cannot be regulated quickly enough, such a pneumatic transport system is unstable.
Conversely, in the case of a decrease in the pressure drop, too high a flow may cause the powdery material to stick to the walls of the pipes because of the higher impact force of the powdery material in regions where changes in cross section or direction are present.
The pulverulent material, in particular the pulverulent sorbent, therefore begins to accumulate inside the pneumatic transport pipeline, which in turn causes fluctuations in the pressure drop when the passage diameter of the pipeline available for transport pneumatic pressure is reduced, which leads to an increase in pressure drop which in turn has consequences for pneumatic transport.
As can be understood, the smallest individual fluctuation in the pressure drop, which occurs regardless of the level of optimization of the pneumatic transport design, will have important consequences on the efficiency of the pneumatic transport of the pulverulent material, in particular powder sorbent, inside the pneumatic transport pipeline.
Sometimes the pressure in the flue gas line varies, depending on how the process works (examples of the cause of these pressure fluctuations are provided below). Depending on the means of
BE2017 / 5860 metering, fluctuations in combustion gas pressure cause fluctuations in the gas flow in the pneumatic transport system.
This fluctuation phenomenon occurs in any transport fluid when it is blown. Of course, the phenomenon is further amplified when a powdery material, in particular a powdery sorbent, is transported because the powdery material, in particular the powdery sorbent, cannot itself easily restore the correct pressure drop regime as soon as 'it begins to accumulate inside the pneumatic transport pipeline. In fact, as soon as the pulverulent material begins to deposit when the gas speed falls below the saltation speed, this powder is not easily re-entrained.
The present invention overcomes at least some of these drawbacks by providing a method for the efficient improvement of the pneumatic transport of a pulverulent sorbent in a pneumatic transport pipeline between a pulverulent material storage tank, in particular a pulverulent sorbent, and a reception area.
According to the present invention, the term reception zone refers to one or more of the following: an oven or a post-combustion chamber or a post-combustion zone or another storage container for collecting the pulverulent sorbent, a channel in which the pulverulent material, in particular the pulverulent sorbent, must be injected via pneumatic transport, such as a combustion gas line (i.e. in an oven or connected to an oven, in a heat exchanger heat or connected to a heat exchanger, in a combustion zone or connected to a combustion zone, in a post-combustion chamber or connected to a combustion chamber, in a post-combustion zone or connected to a post-combustion zone and the like), a pipeline within a facility, filtration devices, such as electrostatic precipitators, bag filters, gas purifiers, such as purifiers dry, semi
BE2017 / 5860 wet (absorbers by atomization) or wet ...; for the filtration device or gas purifiers, the injection point can in particular be in the front pipe or at their inlet.
The term pneumatic transport of a pulverulent material refers, within the framework of the invention, to a pneumatic transport by negative pressure or by positive pressure, to a pneumatic transport of a pulverulent material in the form of a dense phase or of a strand phase or of a diluted phase, in particular a diluted phase, in a transport fluid, or in the form of a discontinuous phase in a transport fluid.
The term "connected to" means that an element is connected to another element directly or indirectly, which means that the elements are in communication with each other, but other elements can be inserted between them.
To solve the aforementioned problem, there is provided, according to the present invention, a method of pneumatically conveying a pulverulent material, in particular a pulverulent sorbent, characterized in that a sound device generates sound waves inside from said first pneumatic transport pipeline and / or to said reception zone and provides an opposite action on the step of fluctuating the pressure drop in said first pneumatic transport pipeline to said reception zone.
In fact, it has been unexpectedly realized that, for the turbulent flows envisaged here, the sound waves generate an increase in pressure drop and that the sound waves have the capacity to counterbalance the pressure fluctuations in said transport pipeline and / or in said reception area.
Sound waves are sometimes used to deagglomerate accumulated particles, such as powdered sorbent particles, or to prevent or clean or remove particles accumulated in large equipment using gas / solid flows. In these applications,
BE2017 / 5860 sound waves generate turbulence in stagnant areas, i.e. areas where the gas speed is practically zero by giving laminar flow conditions, or cause the walls of the pipe to vibrate mechanically to prevent particle adhesion. These two mechanisms will prevent sedimentation and adhesion of particles to the wall of the pipe. However, according to the present invention, the sound waves are used to increase the pressure drop of the pneumatic conveying flow and the sound waves according to the present invention are used so as to be able to counterbalance the step of fluctuating the fall of pressure, thereby minimizing the disturbances causing the accumulation of the pulverulent material during said pneumatic transport instead of carrying out a cleaning or a feedback on the accumulation of particles.
According to the present invention, said transport fluid has a flow comprising a boundary layer along said pipeline wall whose boundary layer thickness changes in the regions of variable cross section of said pipeline and the regions where the direction changes.
Advantageously, according to the method of the invention, the blower is connected to said first pneumatic transport pipeline and blows a transport fluid inside said first pneumatic transport pipeline, but also said transport fluid at least partially through said sound device.
In fact, the fact that a blower blows a transport fluid inside said pneumatic transport pipe, but also at least partially through said sound device, further increases the pressure drop in said first pneumatic transport pipeline, and is more effective in counteracting fluctuations in pressure drop.
In a particular embodiment, the first pneumatic conveying pipeline is a rigid pipeline, in particular made of stainless steel or steel
BE2017 / 5860 carbon. This particular embodiment is even more efficient when it is combined with the blower blowing a transport fluid inside said first rigid pneumatic transport pipeline.
In another particular embodiment, the first pneumatic conveying pipe is a flexible pipeline, in particular made of polyurethane-type polymer.
In fact, according to this preferred embodiment, the pressure drop fluctuations are surprisingly counterbalanced by the sound waves generating an increase in pressure drop.
Adhesion of fine particles of pulverulent material having an average particle size dso of less than 100 μm on the wall of a rigid pneumatic transport pipeline occurs in areas such as curves, elbows, section reductions or enlargements of said pipeline. As soon as adhesion of the particles to the wall of the pipeline occurs, if the pulverulent material, in particular the pulverulent sorbent, is hydrated lime or a sorbent mixture comprising hydrated lime, carbonation of the hydrated lime occurs, which results in the formation of a hard layer which is difficult to remove.
The problem of adhesion to solid objects is more and more important for particles of decreasing particle diameter because of the increase in the contribution of the electrostatic forces compared to the forces of friction, of impulse and of gravity. Powder sorbent particles with a diameter <100 μm are generally classified as cohesive according to the Geldart classification (see Cocco, R.; Reddy-Karri, SB; Knowlton, T. Introduction to Fluidization. AICHE CEP 2014, November No. , 21-29; Geldart, D. Types of Gas Fluidization. Powder Technol. 1973, 7 (5), 285-292) (Geldart Powder group C) and their flow properties can be evaluated in detail using the classification of flow function according to Jenicke (see CAGLI, AS; DEVECI, BN; OKUTAN, CH; SIRKECI, DAA;
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TEOMAN, E. Y. Flow Property Measurement Using the Jenike Shear Cell for 7 Different Bulk Solids. Proc. Eur. Cong. Chem. Eng. 2007, No. September, 16-20; Jenicke, A. W. Gravity Flow of Bulk Solids. Bull. Univ. Utah 1961, 52 (29), 1-309; Jenicke, A. W. Storage and Flow of Solids. Bull. Univ. Utah 1964, 53 (26), 1-198; Pendyala, R.; Jayanti, S.; Balakrishnan, A. R. Flow and Pressure Drop Fluctuations in a Vertical Tube Subject to Low Frequency Oscillations. Nucl. Eng. Of. 2008, 238 (1), 178-187). With Jenicke's flow function, the internal cohesion of the powder is measured and this can be considered as a good indicator of the adhesion properties of a powder.
For the adhesion problem associated with pneumatic transport of powdered sorbent in rigid pipes, the cleaning mechanisms described above cannot explain the prevention of adhesion.
In a conventional application of sound waves, the waves are used to create turbulence in systems where the gas velocity is practically zero inside the stagnation zones of the equipment.
The turbulence of a fluid flow in a pipe can be evaluated with the Reynolds number:
p v d
Re = --- P in which p is the density of the transport fluid (kg / m ³ ), v is the speed of the transport fluid (m / s), d is the diameter of the pipe (m) and μ is the viscosity of the transport fluid (Pa s). If the Reynolds number is greater than 2000 (i.e., Re> 2000), the transport fluid is considered turbulent.
For normal transport of a powdered sorbent, the transport fluid may be ambient air, the diameter of the tube is approximately 0.10 m (4 inches) and the speed of the transport air is generally 20 m / s. Under these conditions, the
BE2017 / 5860 Reynolds number is greater than one million, which implies that the fluid is highly turbulent.
This means that in the case of pneumatic transport, the sound waves are not used to provide local turbulence to the laminar flow zones to initiate cleaning or eliminate the mechanism of accumulated particles and therefore cannot be responsible for counterbalancing the pressure drop fluctuations.
In addition, an increase in pressure drop is not expected due to a sound airflow for highly turbulent flows (see Pendyala, R.; Jayanti, S.; Balakrishnan, AR Flow and Pressure Drop Fluctuations in a Vertical Tube Subject to Low Frequency Oscillations. Nucl. Eng. Des. 2008, 238 (1), 178-187).
While for the walls of pipes and fittings, movement of metal parts is possible due to the large size of the parts and / or thinner walls which therefore have a lower flexural strength and therefore are more deformable, such movement is not possible for steel or polymer (plastic) pipes with a diameter of 0.10 to 0.20 m (4 to 8 inches) used as the first pneumatic transport pipeline. The combination of surface and wall thickness of the pneumatic transport pipeline prevents significant radial movement due to sound waves.
The application of sound waves is therefore not expected to counterbalance the pressure drop fluctuations, thereby also avoiding the adhesion of the powder material, in particular particles of powder sorbent, to the walls of a pipe. rigid. The non-obvious result is obtained by the way the sound waves are generated as in a preferred embodiment, by means of a blowing system unlike conventional systems where a dead end sound generator is used .
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The consequence of the generation of sound waves by blowing is a more intense mixing of the gas / solid mixture by the arrhythmic nature of the flow.
In another preferred embodiment according to the present invention, the sound device generating sound waves is an infrasound device generating infrasonic waves.
In yet another preferred embodiment of the method according to the present invention, when said sound device provides an opposite action on the step of fluctuating the pressure drop in said first pneumatic conveying pipeline and / or to said zone of reception, said sound device provides a smoothing action and / or a masking action, which can also be called compensation action, on the step of fluctuation of the pressure drop in said first pneumatic conveying pipeline and / or up to at said reception area.
In a particular embodiment of the method according to the present invention, the infrasonic waves are generated inside an infrasonic device comprising a first chamber and a second chamber, the first and the second chamber being connected to each other. other by a tube, said infrasonic waves being generated by an exciter inside the first chamber supplying infrasonic pulses to said transport fluid blown at least partially inside said first chamber, said generated infrasonic waves being transported by through the tube to reach the second chamber.
More preferably, in the method according to the present invention, the first chamber is divided into a first compartment and a second compartment, said first compartment being in connection with said second compartment via a through hole, said first compartment comprising an internal channel inside which a movable piston is moved from a first position to a second position and from said second position to said first position by a power source,
BE2017 / 5860 located outside with respect to the first chamber and forming the exciter, said internal channel being installed concentrically inside said first compartment, said infrasonic waves being generated by the mobile piston and transported by said fluid transport from said first compartment, to said second compartment, through the through hole before being transported through the tube to reach the second chamber. Said transport fluid can be blown through the piston.
In another advantageous embodiment, rotation control devices are included for the power source of the exciter (motor) in order to avoid inappropriate working frequencies and to increase efficiency and safety.
In another preferred embodiment, the sound device creates an increase in pressure in the first pneumatic transport pipeline near the sound generator between 20 and 200 mbar, in particular at least 30 mbar, in particular at most 150 mbar.
In an advantageous embodiment according to the present invention, the method further comprises a step of diverting part of said transport fluid blown by the blower before it enters the first compartment or connected to said first compartment and its introduction to the interior of the second bedroom.
In a particular embodiment, the pulverulent material, in particular the pulverulent sorbent, is selected from the group consisting of hydrated lime, hydrated or semi-hydrated dolomite, limestone, dolomite, quicklime, living dolomite, sodium carbonate or bicarbonate, sodium sesquicarbonate dihydrate (also known as trona), halloysite, sepiolite, a carbonaceous organic compound selected from activated carbon and coke lignite, fly ash or a mixture of any of these compounds.
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In a particular embodiment, the pulverulent material, in particular the pulverulent sorbent, is preferably a mainly mineral pulverulent sorbent, which means that it can be mainly mineral by nature but can generally contain 30% by weight or less, in in particular 20% by weight or less, more particularly 15% or less of a carbon-containing organic compound selected from activated carbon and lignite coke relative to the weight of the pulverulent sorbent.
The pulverulent material, in particular the pulverulent sorbent, is preferably a mainly calcium mineral sorbent containing an amount of calcium sorbent greater than 50% by weight, in particular greater than 70% relative to the weight of the pulverulent sorbent, preferably chosen from the group consisting of hydrated lime, hydrated or semi-hydrated dolomite, limestone, dolomite, quicklime, quick dolomite, or a mixture of any of these compounds.
In yet another preferred embodiment, said transport fluid is air, an inert gas, exhaust gases, or a mixture thereof.
In a further preferred embodiment, the sound waves, in particular the infrasonic waves, transported inside said first pneumatic transport pipeline during said transport of pulverulent material also come into contact with said metering means.
In another preferred embodiment, the sound waves, in particular the infrasonic waves, travel inside said first pneumatic transport pipeline during said transport of pulverulent material and preferably also travel (or are distributed) to the reception area.
In another preferred embodiment of the method according to the present invention, the sound waves, in particular infrasonic waves, transported inside said first pneumatic transport pipeline during said
BE2017 / 5860 transport of pulverulent material are prevented from reaching the blower due to a Helmholtz bass trap connected to said first chamber or preferably on the pipeline between the blower and the first chamber.
In a particular embodiment according to the present invention, the method further comprises an emergency mode and an operating mode, in which in the emergency mode, the blown transport fluid is prevented from entering in said first chamber and is diverted and blown directly into said first pneumatic transport pipeline, downstream of the sound device and in which in the operating mode, the blown transport fluid is supplied at least partially to said first chamber.
The present invention also relates to a method for improving the capture of polluting compounds from combustion gases, comprising the following steps:
- the combustion of a fuel and / or a material to be burned or the heating of a material to be heated or melted, producing combustion gases in a receiving zone,
the pneumatic transport of a powder sorbent supplied to capture said polluting compounds according to the present invention, said receiving zone being a combustion gas pipe,
- The capture of polluting compounds by said pulverulent sorbent inside said combustion gas line, thereby reducing the polluting compounds in the combustion gas.
More specifically, the method for improving the capture of polluting compounds from combustion gases comprises the following steps:
- the combustion of a fuel and / or a material to be burned or the heating of a material to be heated or melted, producing combustion gases in a receiving zone,
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the pneumatic transport of a powdered sorbent in a first pneumatic transport pipeline from a powdered sorbent storage tank to a receiving zone which is a combustion gas pipe, said first pneumatic transport pipeline comprising a wall of pipeline and being connected to said powder sorbent storage tank and said receiving area, said powder sorbent being pneumatically transported inside said first pneumatic transport pipeline and in said combustion gas line by a generated flow by a blower connected to said first pneumatic transport pipeline and blowing a transport fluid inside said first pneumatic transport pipeline in which particles of said pulverulent sorbent are transported,
a step of dosing powdered sorbent by means of a dosing means for dosing a quantity of said powdered sorbent when it enters from said powdery sorbent storage tank in said first pneumatic transport pipeline, said first pneumatic transport pipeline being connected to said powder sorbent storage tank via said metering means,
a step of fluctuating pressure drop in said first pneumatic transport pipeline and / or to said receiving zone,
a capture of polluting compounds by said pulverulent sorbent inside said combustion gas pipe, thereby reducing the polluting compounds in the combustion gas.
According to the present invention, the fuel can mean a gas, a liquid, a paste or a solid, in particular a carbon and / or an oil.
In the present invention, the terms material to be burned or material to be heated or melted refer to, but are not limited to, waste (domestic or industrial or clinical), a silicate material for producing a cement or a glass in heating a raw material to be heated, a stone
BE2017 / 5860 with lime or a dolomite limestone (dolomite), a metallic ore, in particular an iron ore, a brick or tiles and the like; the material to be heated or burned can also be a recycled material, such as steel waste, batteries ...
Traditionally, the treatment of gases, in particular combustion gases, requires the reduction of acid gases, in particular HCl, SO ₂ , SO ₃ and / or HF, said reduction being able to be carried out under dry conditions, by the injection of a substance, often mineral, dry and powdery, in a stream of combustion gases or through a filter bed comprising fixed or mobile solid particles. In this case, the pulverulent compound generally comprises a calcium-magnesium-based compound, in particular lime, preferably hydrated or hydrated lime or a sodium compound such as sodium carbonate or bicarbonate. Other compounds can also be used, in particular those used to reduce dioxins, furans and / or heavy metals, in particular mercury, for example a carbonaceous substance such as activated carbon or a lignite coke or a mineral substance, such as that based on phyllosilicates, such as sepiolite or halloysite and the like.
Various solutions have been developed to improve the capture of polluting compounds, for example the solution described in document WO 2014/206 880. Document WO 2014/206 880 describes a device for injecting a powdery mineral compound into a pipe. of combustion gas comprising a source of pulverulent compound, a pipe for injecting pulverulent compound, supplied by the source of pulverulent compound and arranged so as to open in said gas pipe. The device for injecting a pulverulent compound further comprises a source of monophasic liquid aqueous phase and at least one line for injecting a monophasic liquid aqueous phase in the form of droplets. According to this document, the pipe for injecting an aqueous phase
BE2017 / 5860 single-phase liquid is located in a peripheral space located around the external face of the powder compound injection pipe.
Another solution is described in document JPS 61 259 747. According to this document, an absorbent, such as slaked lime, is introduced inside a solid-gas contactor into which a gaseous effluent is also introduced. The solid-gas contactor includes superimposed perforated plates. The gaseous effluent is introduced through the lower side of the contactor and leaves the more depleted contactor with pollutant captured by the upper stage of the contactor after having passed through the perforated plates. The absorbent is introduced above the gaseous effluent, but under the perforated plates inside the contactor. An ultra-low frequency sound in air is generated and introduced into the contactor to form a solid-gas current bed contactor by multi-stage jet.
The emission of pollutants into the atmosphere is increasingly regulated and the authorized level of polluting compounds released in a combustion gas is strictly controlled. For this reason, industries, hereinafter referred to as "combustion industries" in this document, using burners, such as a garbage incinerator, but also industries using furnaces, such as cement production industries, industries of lime production, the glass production industries are increasingly controlling the emission of polluting compounds during the treatment of combustion gases to meet environmental requirements.
Unfortunately, even if many precautions are taken to react and pro-act in order to reduce the level of pollutants in the combustion gases, all these precautions themselves cause fluctuations in the pneumatic transport of the powder sorbent and therefore deficiencies in the capture of pollutants.
The present invention overcomes at least some of these drawbacks by providing a method which improves the efficiency of the capture of pollutants to
BE2017 / 5860 from combustion gases, whereby fluctuations and therefore deficiencies in the capture of pollutants are reduced as much as possible.
To solve this problem, there is provided according to the present invention a method of improving the capture of polluting compounds from combustion gases as previously mentioned, characterized in that a sound device generates sound waves inside said first pneumatic conveying pipeline and / or to said receiving area and provides an opposite action on the step of fluctuating the pressure drop in said first pneumatic conveying pipeline and / or to said receiving area, said receiving zone being said combustion gas pipe.
In the present invention, the opposite action on the step of fluctuating the pressure drop in said first pneumatic transport pipeline results in the improvement of the capture of the polluting compounds by reducing the undesired fluctuations in a powder sorbent, in particular a mineral powder sorbent, introduced into the combustion gas line by sound waves transported inside said first pneumatic transport pipeline during said pneumatic transport of powder sorbent.
Indeed, it has been unexpectedly discovered that sound waves transported inside said first pneumatic transport pipeline during said pneumatic transport of pulverulent sorbent have a direct impact on the fluctuations of the pneumatic transport of a pulverulent sorbent introduced into the flue gas line.
It has been shown according to the present invention that the proper use of sound waves, creating an increase in the pressure drop inside said first pneumatic transport pipeline during said transport of powdered sorbent, can resolve fluctuations in the material. pulverulent, in particular the pulverulent sorbent, injected inside the combustion gas line.
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It has been shown that the sound waves which move inside said first pneumatic transport pipeline during said transport of pulverulent sorbent prevent deficiencies when capturing pollutants inside the combustion gas line by very counterbalancing the pressure drop fluctuations quickly, thereby preventing the pressure drop fluctuation from causing a decrease in the speed of the particles below the saltation rate at which they are likely to begin to settle and allowing them to be transported by pneumatic transport and therefore still reach the flue gas line.
Indeed, this effect is obtained by the combination of the appropriate use of sound waves creating an increase in pressure drop in the first pneumatic transport pipeline in conjunction with the collision between the particles of the powder sorbent and the sound waves having a frequency of fluctuating waves that change the location of the antinodes and vibrational nodes of sound in the pipe.
Generally, when fouling begins, the diameter of the first pneumatic conveying pipeline is reduced and this also changes the weight ratio between said conveying fluid and said pulverulent material, in particular said pulverulent sorbent, for the same reason as that mentioned above.
Therefore, according to the present invention, it has been shown that the sound waves transported inside said first pneumatic transport pipeline during said transport of pulverulent sorbent improve the level of capture of pollutants by counterbalancing the fluctuations of the pressure drop in the first pneumatic transport pipeline and thus ensuring an adequate / optimized flow of powdered sorbent to the combustion gas line.
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In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the present invention, a step of fluctuating the operating conditions of said step of combustion of a fuel and / or of said material to be burned or to be heated or melted generates a first signal and / or the step of fluctuating the pressure drop inside said first transport pipeline, said method further comprising a step of adjusting said quantity of powdered sorbent in response to said first signal and / or said step of fluctuating the pressure drop inside said first transport pipeline.
More and more combustion industries use an analysis device at the outlet of the combustion gas pipe to measure the rate of polluting compounds (example of the first signal) and have set up over time a loop of regulation in order to regulate the quantity of pulverulent sorbent used to capture these pollutants. For example, if the level of SO ₂ begins to increase, the quantity of pulverulent sorbent is increased in order to improve the capture of this pollutant. If the SO _{2 level} begins to decrease, the amount of powdered sorbent is reduced.
Other "combustion industries" do not use continuous analysis but, as a precautionary measure, they adjust the quantity of sorbent powder on the basis of several criteria and measures (first signal), such as the sulfur content in the fuel that will be used, a preliminary analysis or data concerning the chlorine or sulfur level present in the refuse to burn or the material to be heated (metallic ore, recycling material ...), on the basis of the expected yield of the combustion or the heating step, the rotation of the people operating the oven, the rate of primary air introduced into the oven to perform the combustion of the material to be burned, based on the temperature, atmospheric pressure, ... The quantity of powdered sorbent is then fixed manually for a predetermined period of time and is modified when a new condition (first signal) appears.
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More particularly, when a first signal appears from exhaust gases from the combustion of a fuel and / or a material to be burned, such as an increase in the rate of pollutants, a decrease in the rate of pollutants, the response to give is to modify the quantity of pulverulent sorbent to be introduced inside the combustion gas pipe. The modification of the quantity of pulverulent sorbent which is blown inside the first pneumatic transport pipeline by the blower leads to a change in the weight ratio between said transport fluid and said pulverulent sorbent, which creates fluctuations in the fall of pressure of the pneumatic transport, thus causing fluctuations in the pulverulent material, in particular the pulverulent sorbent injected inside the combustion gas line.
Indeed, the change in the quantity of pulverulent sorbent causes fluctuations in the operation of the pneumatic transport system themselves causing fluctuations in the flow rate of the transport fluid so that it adapts itself to the back pressure when the blowing flow remains fairly stable at the outlet of the blower in the first pneumatic conveying pipeline.
In response to a first signal, changes occur in the weight ratio between said powder sorbent and said transport fluid. The particles of the powder sorbent are transported with the rate of fluctuation in the first pneumatic transport pipeline which can increase or decrease.
According to another preferred embodiment according to the method of the invention, said first signal is such that the wind speed of the environment at the exit of the chimney, the atmospheric pressure of the environment at the exit of the chimney or outside said combustion gas line, the temperature of the combustion gas, the nature of the fuel, the sulfur content of the fuel, the sulfur content of the combustion gas, the content of
BE2017 / 5860 chlorine in the combustion gas, the mercury content in the combustion gas, the chlorine content in the material to be burned or heated, the sulfur content in the material to be burned or heated, the mercury content in the material to be burned or to heat, and their combination.
In another preferred embodiment of the method for improving the capture of polluting compounds from combustion gases, the sound device creates an increase in pressure in the first pneumatic transport pipeline near the sound generator between 20 and 200 mbar, in particular at least 30 mbar, in particular at most 150 mbar.
Advantageously, according to the method of the invention, the blower is connected to said first pneumatic transport pipeline and blows a transport fluid inside said first pneumatic transport pipeline, but also said transport fluid at least partially through said sound device.
Indeed, the fact that a blower blows a transport fluid inside said pneumatic transport pipeline, but also at least partially through said sound device, further increases the pressure drop in said first pneumatic transport pipeline, thus acting even more effectively to counterbalance the pressure drop fluctuations, which is a positive impact on the capture of the polluting compounds from combustion gases by said pulverulent sorbent transported through said first pneumatic transport pipeline and / or up to to said combustion gas line.
In a preferred embodiment, the first pneumatic conveying pipeline is a rigid pipeline, in particular made of stainless steel. This preferred embodiment is even more efficient when it is combined with the blower blowing a transport fluid inside said first rigid pneumatic transport pipe.
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Indeed, according to this preferred embodiment, the pressure drop fluctuations are unexpectedly counterbalanced by the sound waves generating an increase in pressure drop.
The adhesion of fine particles of pulverulent material having an average particle size d _{50 of} less than 100 μm to the wall of a rigid pneumatic transport pipeline occurs in areas such as curves, elbows, section reductions or the widening of the said pipeline. As soon as particle adhesion to the pipeline wall occurs, if the powdered sorbent is hydrated lime or a sorbent mixture comprising hydrated lime, carbonation of the hydrated lime occurs, which results in the formation of hard layer that is difficult to remove.
The problem of adhesion to solid objects is more and more important for particles of decreasing particle diameter because of the increase in the contribution of the electrostatic forces compared to the forces of friction, of impulse and of gravity. Powder sorbent particles with a diameter <100 μm are generally classified as cohesive according to the Geldart classification and their flow properties can be assessed in detail using the flow function classification according to Jenicke. With Jenicke's flow function, the internal cohesion of the powder is measured and this can be considered as a good indicator of the adhesion properties of a powder.
For the adhesion problem associated with pneumatic transport of powdered sorbent in rigid pipes, the cleaning mechanisms described above cannot explain the prevention of adhesion.
In a conventional application of sound waves, the waves are used to create turbulence in systems where the gas velocity is practically zero inside the stagnation zones of the equipment.
The turbulence of a fluid flow in a pipe can be evaluated with the Reynolds number:
BE2017 / 5860 p V d Re = --- P in which p is the density of the transport fluid (kg / m ³ ), v is the speed of the transport fluid (m / s), d is the diameter of the pipe (m) and μ is the viscosity of the transport fluid (Pa s). If the Reynolds number is greater than 2000 (i.e., Re> 2000), the transport fluid is considered turbulent.
For normal transport of a powdered sorbent, the transport fluid may be ambient air, the diameter of the tube is approximately 0.1 m (4 inches) and the speed of the transport air is generally 20 m / s. Under these conditions, the Reynolds number is greater than one million, which implies that the fluid is highly turbulent.
This means that in the case of pneumatic transport, the sound waves are not used to provide local turbulence to the laminar flow zones to initiate cleaning or eliminate the mechanism of accumulated particles and therefore cannot be responsible for counterbalancing the pressure drop fluctuations.
In addition, an increase in pressure drop is not expected due to a sound airflow for highly turbulent flows (see Pendyala, R.; Jayanti, S.; Balakrishnan, AR Flow and Pressure Drop Fluctuations in a Vertical Tube Subject to Low Frequency Oscillations. Nucl. Eng. Des. 2008, 238 (1), 178-187).
While for the walls of pipes and equipment movement of metal parts is possible due to the large size of the parts, such movement is not possible for steel pipes with a diameter of 0.10 to 0, 20 m (4 to 8 inches) used as the first pneumatic transport pipeline. The combination of surface and wall thickness
BE2017 / 5860 of the pneumatic conveying pipeline prevents significant radial movement due to sound waves.
The application of sound waves is therefore not expected to counterbalance fluctuations in pressure drop, thereby also preventing the adhesion of powdered sorbent particles to the walls of a rigid pipe. The non-obvious result is obtained by the way the sound waves are generated as in a preferred embodiment, by means of a blowing system unlike conventional systems where a dead end sound generator is used . The consequence of the generation of sound waves by blowing is a more intense mixing by the arrhythmic nature of the flow.
In another preferred embodiment according to the present invention, the sound device generating sound waves is an infrasound device generating infrasonic waves.
In yet another preferred embodiment of the method for improving the capture of polluting compounds from combustion gases according to the present invention, when said sound device provides an opposite action on the step of fluctuating the pressure drop in said first pneumatic transport pipeline and / or to said combustion gas pipe, said sound device provides a smoothing action and / or a masking action, which can also be called compensation action, on the fluctuation step from the pressure drop in said first pneumatic conveying pipeline and / or to said combustion gas line.
In a particular embodiment of the method according to the present invention, the infrasonic waves are generated inside an infrasonic device comprising a first chamber and a second chamber, the first and the second chamber being connected to each other. other by a tube, said infrasonic waves being generated by an exciter inside the first chamber supplying infrasonic pulses to said fluid
BE2017 / 5860 transport blown at least partially inside said first chamber, said infrasonic waves generated being transported via the tube to reach the second chamber.
More preferably, in the method according to the present invention, the first chamber is divided into a first compartment and a second compartment, said first compartment being in connection with said second compartment via a through hole, said first compartment comprising an internal channel inside which a movable piston is moved from a first position to a second position and from said second position to said first position by a power source, located outside by relative to the first chamber and forming the exciter, said internal channel being installed concentrically inside said first compartment, said infrasonic waves being generated by the movable piston and transported by said transport fluid from said first compartment, towards said second compartment, through the passage hole before being transported es through the tube to reach the second chamber. Said transport fluid can be blown through the piston.
In another advantageous embodiment, rotation control devices are included for the power source of the exciter (motor) in order to avoid inappropriate working frequencies and to increase efficiency and safety.
In an advantageous embodiment according to the present invention, the method further comprises a step of diverting part of said transport fluid blown by the blower before it enters the first compartment or coming from said first compartment and its introduction into the interior of the second bedroom.
Indeed, the current installations for treating combustion gases have been dimensioned according to a specific calibration between the blowers, a
BE2017 / 5860 pneumatic transport pipeline and a current pipe, the size of a powder sorbent metering device and the like.
When the method according to the present invention is to be implemented in current installations, it is very often necessary to adapt a sound device, in particular an infrasound device, to the current installations and sometimes, also, to the length of the first pipeline. pneumatic transport (in particular between the metering device and the combustion gas line) which is very long (more than 100 m) depending on the size of the installation or the constraints associated with the installation.
Generally, the speed of supply of pulverulent sorbent may, depending on the installation, range from 30 kg / h to 1200 kg / h; the volume flow rate of the powder sorbent can vary from 130 m ³ / h to 800 m ³ / h and the pressure of the transport fluid blown by the blower can vary from 170 mbar to 900 mbar depending on the capacities of the installation.
Of course, in certain cases, when all of the transport fluid is blown by the blower at a high pressure due to the capacity of the installation, this high pressure cannot enter the first chamber without damaging the sound waves, in particular particularly the quality of the infrasonic waves, or the sound device, in particular the infrasound device itself.
According to the present invention, provision has therefore been made to provide a sound device, in particular an infrasound device, which is flexible enough to adapt to numerous installation capacities, thus making it possible to divert part of the transport fluid. blown directly to said second chamber as a possibility of operation of the sound device, in particular of the infrasound device.
In a particular embodiment, the pulverulent sorbent is selected from the group consisting of hydrated lime, hydrated or semi-hydrated dolomite, limestone, dolomite, quicklime,
BE2017 / 5860 living dolomite, sodium carbonate or bicarbonate, sodium sesquicarbonate dihydrate (also known as trona), halloysite, sepiolite, a carbonaceous organic compound selected from activated carbon and lignite coke, fly ash or a mixture of any of these compounds.
In a particular embodiment, the powder sorbent is preferably a mainly mineral powder sorbent, which means that it can be mainly mineral in nature but can generally contain 30% by weight or less, in particular 20% by weight or less , more particularly 15% or less of a carbon-containing organic compound selected from activated carbon and lignite coke relative to the weight of the pulverulent sorbent.
The pulverulent material, in particular the pulverulent sorbent, is preferably a mainly calcium mineral sorbent containing an amount of calcium sorbent greater than 50% by weight, in particular greater than 70% relative to the weight of the pulverulent sorbent, preferably chosen from the group consisting of hydrated lime, hydrated or semi-hydrated dolomite, limestone, dolomite, quicklime, quick dolomite, or a mixture of any of these compounds.
In yet another preferred embodiment, said transport fluid is air, an inert gas, exhaust gases, or a mixture thereof.
In a further preferred embodiment, the infrasonic waves transported inside said first pneumatic transport pipeline during said transport of pulverulent sorbent also come into contact with said dosing means, which increases the accuracy of the quantity delivered by reducing a potential fouling of the metering means without damaging the metering device.
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In another preferred embodiment, the infrasonic waves travel inside said first pneumatic transport pipeline during said transport of powdered sorbent and preferably also travel (or are distributed) to the flue gas line.
In another preferred embodiment of the method according to the present invention, the infrasonic waves transported inside said first pneumatic transport pipeline during said transport of pulverulent sorbent are prevented from reaching the blower due to a bass trap. Helmholtz connected to said first chamber or preferably on the pipeline between the blower and the first chamber.
In a particular embodiment according to the present invention, the method further comprises an emergency mode and an operating mode, in which in the emergency mode, the blown transport air is prevented from entering said first chamber and is diverted and blown directly into said first pneumatic transport pipeline, downstream of the sound device and in which in the operating mode, the blown transport fluid is supplied at least partially to said first chamber.
Other embodiments of the method according to the present invention are mentioned in the appended claims.
The present invention also relates to a device for improving the capture of polluting compounds from combustion gases comprising:
a furnace or a combustion chamber supplied for burning a fuel and / or a material to be burned or to be heated or melted and producing combustion gases, said furnace or said combustion chamber being connected to a combustion gas line where the combustion gases generated in said furnace or said combustion chamber are directed,
- a powder sorbent storage tank connected to said combustion gas line by means of a first transport pipeline
BE2017 / 5860 pneumatic, said first pneumatic transport pipeline being further connected to a blower provided for pneumatic transport of said pulverulent sorbent from the pulverulent sorbent storage tank in said first pneumatic transport pipeline to said combustion gas line , said first pneumatic transport pipeline comprising a pipeline wall and being connected to said combustion gas line, said blower being provided to generate a flow of transport fluid within said first pneumatic transport pipeline in which particles of said powder sorbent are transported,
- powder sorbent metering means provided for dosing a quantity of said powder sorbent when it enters from said powder sorbent storage tank into said first pneumatic transport pipeline, said first pneumatic transport pipeline being connected to said storage tank powdery sorbent through said metering means,
- a control device for adjusting said quantity of pulverulent sorbent in response to a first signal.
The device according to the present invention is characterized in that it further comprises a sound device connected to said first pneumatic transport pipeline and provided for generating sound waves inside said first pneumatic transport pipeline and / or up to said flue gas line, said sound device being further provided to counterbalance a step of fluctuating the pressure drop in said first pneumatic conveying pipeline and / or to said flue gas line.
Advantageously, the device according to the present invention further comprises a mixing device located between said metering means and said first pneumatic conveying pipeline, provided for mixing said pulverulent sorbent in said conveying fluid.
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In a preferred embodiment, the device according to the present invention further comprises a connection device located between said metering means and said first pneumatic conveying pipeline. In addition, in some embodiments, the metering device and the mixing device are integrated into a single device.
In a preferred embodiment, the device for improving the capture of polluting compounds from combustion gases according to the present invention further comprises a cooling device located between said blower and said first pneumatic transport pipeline.
Preferably, the sound device provided for generating sound waves is an infrasound device provided for generating infrasonic waves.
More preferably, said infrasound device comprises a first and a second chamber, the first and the second chamber being connected to each other by a tube, said first chamber comprising an exciter situated inside said first chamber, provided to generate said infrasonic waves by providing infrasonic pulses to said transport fluid blown at least partially inside said first chamber, said infrasonic waves being transported through the tube acting as a resonance pipeline to reach the second bedroom.
In a particularly preferred embodiment, the first chamber is divided into a first compartment and a second compartment, said first compartment being in connection with said second compartment via a through hole, said first compartment comprising an internal channel inside which a movable piston is moved from a first position to a second position and from said second position to said first position by an energy source, located outside with respect to the first chamber and forming the exciter, said internal channel being installed concentrically inside said first compartment, said infrasonic waves being generated by the movable piston
BE2017 / 5860 and transported by said transport fluid from said first compartment, to said second compartment, via the passage hole before being transported through the tube to reach the second chamber.
In a specific embodiment according to the present invention, said sound device is connected to said blower and to the first pneumatic transport pipeline.
In an alternative embodiment, said sound device is connected to a second blower and to the first pneumatic transport pipeline between the powder sorbent storage tank and the combustion gas line.
In another alternative embodiment according to the present invention, said sound device is connected to a second blower and to the first pneumatic transport pipeline between the pulverulent sorbent storage tank and the blower.
It is also preferred according to the present invention that the device comprise an adjustable flow distributor pipe connected at a first end either to the blower, between the blower and the first chamber, or to the first chamber, preferably to the first compartment of the first chamber, and at a second end to the second chamber, said adjustable flow distributor pipe being provided to divert a portion of said transport fluid blown by the blower and introduce it inside the second chamber.
In a particular embodiment, the powder sorbent storage tank is a powder sorbent storage tank of powder sorbent selected from the group consisting of hydrated lime, hydrated or semi-hydrated dolomite, limestone, dolomite , quicklime, quick dolomite, sodium carbonate or bicarbonate, sodium sesquicarbonate dihydrate (also known as trona), halloysite, sepiolite, a carbonaceous organic compound selected from activated carbon
BE2017 / 5860 and lignite coke, fly ash or a mixture of any of these compounds.
In particular, said transport fluid is air, an inert gas, exhaust gases, or a mixture of these.
In a preferred embodiment, the device according to the present invention comprises a Helmholtz bass trap connected to said first chamber or preferably on the pipeline between the blower and the first chamber, provided to prevent infrasonic waves transported inside of said first pneumatic transport pipeline during said transport of pulverulent sorbent reaching the blower.
In a further preferred embodiment, the device according to the present invention comprises an emergency situation device having a first position which is an emergency situation position and a second position which is an operating position, said situation device comprising a switch connected to an emergency pipe directly connecting the blower to the first pneumatic conveying pipeline, downstream of the infrasound device, said emergency position being a position in which the switch prevents the fluid of blown transport entering said first chamber and diverting it directly to said first pneumatic transport pipeline, downstream of the infrasound device and in which the operating position is a position in which the blown transport fluid is supplied at least partially to said first chamber.
In the device according to the present invention, said first signal is such that the wind speed of the environment at the exit of the chimney, the atmospheric pressure of the environment at the exit of the chimney or outside of said pipe of flue gas, temperature of flue gas, nature of fuel, sulfur content of fuel, sulfur content of flue gas, chlorine content of flue gas, content of
BE2017 / 5860 mercury in the combustion gas, the chlorine content of the material to be burned or heated or melted, the sulfur content of the material to be burned or heated or melted, the mercury content of the material to be burned or heated or melted , and their combination.
In a preferred embodiment of the device according to the present invention, said metering means is selected from a metering screw, a rotary valve having a vertical shaft or a horizontal shaft, a hovercraft, a jet feed device, a device screw feeder, honeycomb drum feeder, screw pump, pressure container, air lift, said metering means being located between said powder sorbent storage tank and said first pneumatic conveying pipeline being provided to be in contact with sound waves, in particular infrasonic waves, transported inside said first pneumatic transport pipeline during said transport of pulverulent sorbent.
Other embodiments of the device according to the present invention are mentioned in the appended claims.
Other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will be derived from the following non-limiting description, and with reference to the drawings and examples.
In the drawing, FIG. IA is a schematic representation of a heating method where pneumatic transport of a pulverulent material according to the present invention is carried out.
FIG. 1B is another schematic representation of a heating method in which pneumatic transport of a pulverulent material according to the present invention is carried out.
FIG. 1C is another schematic representation of a heating method in which pneumatic transport of a pulverulent material according to the present invention is carried out at different possible locations.
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Figure ID is another schematic representation of a heating method where pneumatic transport of a pulverulent material according to the present invention is carried out.
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a pneumatic transport of a pulverulent material, where the sound device is located in line with the pneumatic transport pipeline.
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of a pneumatic transport of a pulverulent material, where the sound device is located parallel to the pneumatic transport pipeline.
FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of a pneumatic transport of a pulverulent material, where the sound device is situated parallel with its own blower to the pneumatic transport pipeline.
FIG. 4a is a schematic representation of a multiline pneumatic transport of a pulverulent material.
FIG. 5 is a Jenicke diagram for pulverulent material representing the cohesive behavior of the pulverulent material when it is hydrated lime.
FIG. 6 is a graph representing the pressure trends in the first pneumatic transport pipeline where the first curve represents the pressure drop over time in a 13 'pneumatic transport pipeline without infrasound device and the second curve represents the pressure drop pressure over time in another pneumatic transport pipeline 13 without infrasound device.
FIG. 6A is a graph showing the pressure trends in the first pneumatic conveying pipeline where the first curve represents the pressure drop over time in a pneumatic conveying pipeline 13 'having an infrasound device and the second curve represents the pressure drop over time in another pneumatic transport pipeline 13 without infrasound device.
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FIG. 7 schematically illustrates the installations where the example has been implemented.
In the drawings, identical reference numbers have been assigned to identical or similar elements.
As can be seen in FIG. 1A, a heating process generally comprises a heating unit such as a heat exchange (for example, a boiler), an incinerator or an oven 8 which is followed by a filtration unit and / or a purifier 9. In the heating unit 8, combustion gases are contained in a combustion gas line (not shown) and exit from the heating unit 8 to enter the heating unit. filtration and / or a purifier 9 from which the combustion gas passes through a blower (fan) 11 and is evacuated by the chimney 10. It is obvious that even if only one element is represented as equipment 9, it there may be constituent filtration and purification units, in any order, connected by a pipe, depending on the plant's flue gas treatment installation.
The heating process illustrated in FIG. 1 is a combustion process where an oven 8 is present, such as a coal, lignite or biomass oven, a cement oven, a lime oven, a glass oven, a metal ore furnace, in particular an iron ore furnace, an furnace for recycling material or even an incinerator 8 burning, for example, garbage.
The heating process as illustrated here can also be a process comprising a boiler 8 recovering thermal energy from a previous step. The boiler 8 can recover the energy coming from a previous combustion step in an oven or in a burner 15 (in FIG. 1C) or coming from another combustion step.
The combustion gases can come from the combustion or the heating or the fusion of the material (garbage, iron ore in a factory
BE2017 / 5860 production of iron, limestone, silica) to be burned or from fuel (coke, coal, gas, lignite, liquid petroleum fuels, ...).
For this reason, the industries, called “combustion industries” below in this document, using burners, such as a garbage incinerator, but also industries using ovens, increasingly control the emissions of pollutants during treatment of combustion gases to meet environmental requirements.
The treatment of gases, in particular combustion gases, requires the reduction of acid gases, in particular HCl, SO ₂ and / or HF, said reduction being able to be carried out under dry conditions, by the injection of a substance, often mineral, dry and powdery, in a flue gas stream or through a filter bed comprising fixed or mobile solid particles. In this case, the pulverulent compound generally comprises a calcium-magnesium-based compound, in particular lime, preferably hydrated or hydrated lime or a sodium compound such as sodium carbonate or bicarbonate. Other compounds can also be used, in particular those used to reduce dioxins, furans and / or heavy metals, in particular mercury, for example a carbonaceous substance such as activated carbon or a lignite coke or a mineral substance, such as that based on phyllosilicates, such as sepiolite or halloysite and the like.
As a combustion gas contains polluting compounds which must be removed, very often a pulverulent material, in particular a pulverulent sorbent, is injected into the combustion gas line to capture a certain rate of polluting compounds.
To inject a pulverulent material, for example a pulverulent sorbent, the treatment installation comprises a blower 1 which is connected to a first pneumatic transport pipeline 13 and which blows a transport fluid, such as for example air, a gas inert, gas
BE2017 / 5860 exhaust, or a mixture thereof in the first pneumatic transport pipeline 13.
A pulverulent material storage tank 2, in particular a pulverulent sorbent, is connected to the first pneumatic transport pipeline 13 via a metering means 3. The first pneumatic transport pipeline 13 comprising a pipeline wall is connected to said tank for storing pulverulent material 2, in particular pulverulent sorbent, and to the combustion gas line from the heating unit 8 and continues downstream from the heating unit 8.
The transport fluid has a flow comprising a boundary layer along said wall of the pipeline, but also the particles of said pulverulent material have a boundary layer around them inside said transport flow.
The pulverulent material, in particular the pulverulent sorbent, is therefore transported pneumatically in the first pneumatic transport pipeline 13 from the pulverulent material storage tank 2, in particular pulverulent sorbent, to the combustion gas pipe of the heating unit 8 and continues downstream of the heating unit 8 by a flow of transport fluid generated by the blower 1 and blowing a transport fluid inside said first pneumatic transport pipeline 13 in which the particles of said pulverulent material, in particular of said pulverulent sorbent, are transported.
The metering means 3 doses a quantity of said pulverulent material, in particular of said pulverulent sorbent, when it enters from said pulverulent material storage tank 2, in particular of pulverulent sorbent, into said first pneumatic transport pipeline 13.
The metering means 3 are preferably selected from a metering screw, a rotary valve having a vertical shaft or a horizontal shaft, a hovercraft, a jet feed device, a screw feed device,
BE2017 / 5860 a honeycomb drum feeder, a screw pump, a pressure vessel, an air lift or the like.
The pulverulent material, in particular the pulverulent sorbent, contained in the pulverulent material storage tank 2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrated lime, hydrated or semi-hydrated dolomite, limestone, dolomite, lime vivid, dolomite vivid, sodium carbonate or bicarbonate, sodium sesquicarbonate dihydrate (also known as trona), halloysite, sepiolite, a carbonaceous organic compound selected from activated carbon and lignite coke, fly ash or a mixture of any of these compounds.
In the illustrated embodiment, a drying device 14 is provided to dry the transport fluid before it enters the blower 1. A cooling device 4 is also provided to cool the transport fluid after being blown by said blower in the first pneumatic transport pipeline 13 for further transporting in the first pneumatic transport pipeline 13 a dry transport fluid. A mixing or connection device 5 is also present in the treatment installation to allow the mixing of the transport fluid blown by said blower 1 and of the pulverulent material, in particular of the pulverulent sorbent, metered by said metering means 3.
More specifically, a mixing device comprises a first supply tube where the transport fluid in the first pneumatic transport pipeline enters a mixing chamber to which the first supply tube is connected and a second supply tube connected to said metering means 3 and to said mixing chamber for introducing the pulverulent material. During the introduction of the pulverulent material and the transport fluid, a homogeneous mixture of the pulverulent material and the blown transport fluid takes place, which leaves the mixing chamber to continue its transport through said first pneumatic transport pipeline 13 to
BE2017 / 5860 said combustion gas line in the furnace or the blower 8. In the first pneumatic transport pipeline, downstream of the mixing chamber, the particles are transported and disperse correctly in the transport fluid. The particles of the pulverulent material in the transport fluid are introduced through the bottom of the furnace or the boiler 8, in particular into the combustion gas line.
A sound device 12 is located or connected at any location between the blower and the combustion gas line, preferably as shown here, between the blower and the mixing device 5. The sound device 12 generates sound waves at inside said first pneumatic transport pipeline and / or to said combustion gas pipe. In this preferred embodiment illustrated, the blower 1 connected to said first pneumatic transport pipeline 13 blows a transport fluid inside said first pneumatic transport pipeline 13, but also blows said transport fluid at least partially through said device sound 12.
In this illustrated embodiment, said metering means 3 situated between said pulverulent sorbent storage tank 2 and said first pneumatic transport pipeline 13 also comes into contact with the sound waves transported inside said first pneumatic transport pipeline 13 during said transport of powdered sorbent.
The term "connected to" means that an element is connected to another element directly or indirectly, which means that the elements are in communication with each other, but other elements can be inserted between them.
The term pneumatic transport of a pulverulent material refers, within the framework of the invention, to a pneumatic transport by negative pressure or by positive pressure, to a pneumatic transport of a pulverulent material in the form of a dense phase or stranded or diluted phase, especially
BE2017 / 5860 a diluted phase, in a transport fluid, or in the form of a discontinuous phase in a transport fluid.
During the pneumatic transport of a pulverulent material, pressure drop fluctuations occur at any time, very frequently and are difficult to control. Pressure drop fluctuations can be due to a number of intrinsic factors in the pneumatic conveying process or to an external event.
These pressure drop fluctuations disturb the entire pneumatic transport of the pulverulent material, in particular of the pulverulent sorbent, to be transported, causing different types of disturbances. Among other disturbances, one can find the fact that the pressure drop fluctuations cause a modification of the transport speed of the powder sorbent.
As explained at the beginning, the flows of pulverulent sorbent have a saltation rate below which the pulverulent material, in particular the pulverulent sorbent, begins to deposit in the pneumatic conveying pipe, while it is given to a transport blown by blowers a safe nominal speed value, higher than the saltation speed, to prevent the pulverulent material, in particular the pulverulent sorbent, from settling inside the pneumatic transport hose.
In fact, the blowers are characterized by a curve between the pressure drop and the flow. The pressure drop is that imposed by the installation inside which a pneumatic transport must take place and the characterization curve of the blower gives a flow to the pneumatic transport of the pulverulent material, in particular of the pulverulent sorbent, which depends the value of the pressure drop found inside the installation.
As soon as there is a small fluctuation in pressure drop, the pressure drop begins to decrease or increase without it being possible to regulate it quickly enough for the pneumatic transport of the
BE2017 / 5860 powdery material is not disturbed. Therefore, for example, but not limited to again, as the pressure drop increases, the pneumatic speed or the flow rate of the transport fluid is reduced so that the speed of the transport fluid is likely to reach a value lower than the safe nominal speed value, which therefore causes sedimentation, inside the pneumatic transport pipeline, of the pulverulent material, in particular of the pulverulent sorbent, transported pneumatically.
The pulverulent material therefore begins to accumulate inside the pneumatic transport pipeline, which in turn causes fluctuations in the pressure drop when the passage diameter of the pipeline available for pneumatic transport is reduced, which results in an increase in pressure drop which in turn has consequences for pneumatic transport.
As can be understood, the smallest individual fluctuation in the pressure drop, which occurs regardless of the level of optimization of the pneumatic transport, will have important consequences on the efficiency of the pneumatic transport of the pulverulent material, in particular of the powder sorbent inside the pneumatic transport pipeline.
This fluctuation phenomenon occurs in any transport fluid when it is blown, but, of course, it amplifies more when a pulverulent material is transported because the pulverulent material cannot itself easily restore the correct speed of pressure drop as soon as it begins to build up inside the pneumatic transport pipeline.
In the method according to the present invention, the sound device 12 generates sound waves inside said first pneumatic transport pipeline 13 to said combustion gas line in the oven or in the burner 8 and provides an opposite action on the step of fluctuating the pressure drop in said first pneumatic transport pipeline to said combustion gas line.
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Indeed, it has been unexpectedly realized that, when sound waves generate an increase in pressure, the increase in pressure has the capacity to counterbalance the step of fluctuating the pressure drop in said first pneumatic conveying pipeline and / or in said combustion gas line.
The sound device preferably creates an increase in pressure in the first pneumatic transport pipeline near the sound generator from 20 to 200 mbar, in particular at least 30 mbar, in particular at most 150 mbar.
Preferably, when said sound device provides an opposite action on the step of fluctuating the pressure drop in said first pneumatic conveying pipeline and / or to said reception area, said sound device provides a smoothing action and / or a masking action on the step of fluctuating the pressure drop in said first pneumatic transport pipeline and / or to said combustion gas line.
The sound waves are used to increase the pressure drop, which means that the sound waves according to the present invention are used so that they are able to counterbalance the step of fluctuating the pressure drop, thereby minimizing the disturbances causing the accumulation of the pulverulent material, in particular of the pulverulent sorbent, in said pneumatic transport instead of treating or feedback on the accumulation of the particles.
In the preferred embodiment illustrated, the opposite action on the step of fluctuating the pressure drop in said first pneumatic conveying pipeline 13 results in the improvement of the capture of the polluting compounds by reducing the fluctuations in the pulverulent sorbent, in particular the mineral powder sorbent, introduced into the combustion gas line by the sound waves transported inside said first pneumatic transport pipeline 13 during said pneumatic transport of powder sorbent.
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Indeed, it has been unexpectedly discovered that sound waves transported inside said first pneumatic transport pipeline during said pneumatic transport of pulverulent sorbent have a direct impact on the fluctuations in a pneumatic transport of pulverulent sorbent introduced into the pipe. of combustion gases.
The proper use of circulating sound waves, creating an increase in the pressure drop inside said first pneumatic transport pipeline 13 during said transport of powder sorbent, can resolve fluctuations in the powder material, in particular the sorbent pulverulent, injected inside the combustion gas line.
It has been shown that the sound waves transported inside said first pneumatic transport pipeline during said transport of pulverulent sorbent prevent deficiencies during the capture of pollutants inside the combustion gas line by very quickly counterbalancing the pressure drop fluctuations, thus preventing particles not having a sufficient speed from settling and allowing them to be transported by pneumatic transport and therefore still reach the combustion gas line. Indeed, the sound waves collide with the particles having a tendency to deposit on the wall of the first pneumatic transport pipeline when they do not have a sufficient speed to be transported pneumatically due to the existence of a boundary layer.
Indeed, the combination of the appropriate use of sound waves creating an increase in pressure drop in the first pneumatic transport pipeline in conjunction with the collision between the particles of the powder sorbent and the sound waves having a fluctuating frequency of the changing waves. the location of the antinodes and vibrational nodes of the sound in the pipe.
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Therefore, according to the present invention, it has been shown that the sound waves transported inside said first pneumatic transport pipeline 13 during said transport of pulverulent sorbent improve the rate of capture of pollutants by counterbalancing the pressure drop fluctuations in the first pneumatic transport pipeline 13 and thus guaranteeing an adequate / optimized flow of powdered sorbent towards the combustion gas line in the furnace or the burner 8.
In some cases, the pressure drop fluctuations in the first pneumatic conveying pipeline are due to the operating conditions or to a control loop due to a first signal given by the process itself or by a measurement or data.
More and more combustion industries use an analysis device at the outlet of the combustion gas pipe to measure the rate of polluting compounds (example of the first signal) and have set up over time a loop of regulation in order to feed back on the quantity of pulverulent sorbent used to capture these pollutants. For example, if the SO2 level begins to increase, the quantity of pulverulent sorbent is increased in order to improve the capture of this pollutant. If the SO2 level begins to decrease, the amount of powdered sorbent is reduced.
Other "combustion industries" do not use continuous analysis but, as a precautionary measure, they adjust the quantity of sorbent powder on the basis of several criteria and measures (first signal), such as the sulfur content in the fuel that will be used, a preliminary analysis or data concerning the level of chlorine or sulfur present in the waste to be burned or the material to be heated (metallic ore, recycling material ...), on the basis of combustion or of the heating stage, the rotation of the people operating the oven, the rate of primary air introduced into the oven to perform the combustion of the material to be burned, based on temperature, atmospheric pressure, ... The amount of powdered sorbent
BE2017 / 5860 is then set manually for a predetermined period of time and is modified when a new condition (first signal) appears.
More particularly, when a first signal appears from exhaust gases from the combustion of a fuel and / or a material to be burned, such as an increase in the rate of pollutants, a decrease in the rate of pollutants, the response to give is to modify the quantity of pulverulent sorbent to be introduced inside the combustion gas pipe. The modification of the quantity of pulverulent sorbent which is blown inside the first pneumatic transport pipeline by the blower leads to a change in the weight ratio between said transport fluid and said pulverulent sorbent, which creates fluctuations in the fall of pressure of the pneumatic transport, thus causing fluctuations in the pulverulent material, in particular the pulverulent sorbent injected inside the combustion gas line.
Indeed, the change in the quantity of pulverulent sorbent causes fluctuations in the operation of the pneumatic transport system themselves causing fluctuations in the flow rate of the transport fluid so that it adapts itself to the back pressure when the blowing flow remains fairly stable at the outlet of the blower in the first pneumatic conveying pipeline.
In response to a first signal, changes occur in the weight ratio between said powder sorbent and said transport fluid. The particles of the powder sorbent are transported with the rate of fluctuation in the first pneumatic transport pipeline which can increase or decrease.
In other cases, said first signal is such that the wind speed of the environment at the exit of the chimney, the atmospheric pressure of the environment at the exit of the chimney or outside said gas pipe of combustion, the temperature of the combustion gas, the nature of the
BE2017 / 5860 fuel, the sulfur content of the fuel, the sulfur content of the combustion gas, the chlorine content of the combustion gas, the mercury content of the combustion gas, the chlorine content of the material to be burned, the content in sulfur of the material to be burned or heated, the mercury content of the material to be burned or heated, and their combination.
FIG. 1B illustrates an alternative embodiment according to the present invention, where the particles of the pulverulent material in the transport fluid are introduced into a pipe entering the heating unit 8.
FIG. 1C, as mentioned previously, illustrates a method in which the heating method comprises a boiler 31 recovering thermal energy from an oven or a burner 15.
Hot combustion gases are produced more specifically in the oven or the burner 15 and are transported to a boiler 31 to recover the calories contained, before being transferred to the filtering device and / or a gas purifier 9. It is obvious that even if only one element is represented as equipment 9, there may be constituent filtration and purification units, in any order, connected by a pipe, depending on the treatment installation of factory combustion gases.
The pulverulent material can be injected, as illustrated, in different locations, such as in the oven 15, in particular in its post-combustion chamber or a post-combustion zone (option A), in the boiler 31 (option B), or at the inlet of the filtration device and / or the gas purifier 9 (option C) or in the gas line between all these equipment (dotted line) or any combination thereof. It is obvious that in the case of multiple pieces of equipment 9, the pulverulent material can be injected between the various pieces of equipment 9, in the pipe between or at the inlet of one or more of the units 9.
BE2017 / 5860
The first pneumatic transport pipeline can be, depending on the different options, connected to the oven or to its post-combustion chamber or to a post-combustion zone (option A), to the boiler 31 (or to any other exchange heat) (option B), or to the gas filtration (or purification) device 9 (option C) or in the gas line between all these devices or any combination thereof.
In a specific variant according to the present invention, it is also provided that multiple transport pipelines are present, each containing their own sound device or even that, downstream of the sound device, a multi-way connector is present and that the first pipeline pneumatic conveyor is distributed in a bundle of pneumatic transport pipelines, optionally provided with a closing / opening mechanism to provide more flexibility to the device according to the present invention.
FIG. 1D represents the embodiment A illustrated in FIG. 1C where the sound device generating sound waves which is an infrasound device generating infrasonic waves is detailed. It should be noted that the sound device can be integrated into both variants B and C.
In the infrasound device, infrasound waves are generated inside an infrasound device 12 comprising a first chamber 16 and a second chamber 17, the first and second chambers being connected to each other by a tube 18, said infrasonic waves being generated by an exciter 19 inside the first chamber 16 supplying infrasonic pulses to said transport fluid blown at least partially inside said first chamber 16, said generated infrasonic waves being transported by through the tube to reach the second chamber 17, the first chamber being divided into a first compartment 20 and a second compartment 21. The first compartment 20 is connected to the second compartment 21 via a through hole 22 and includes an internal channel within which a movable piston is moved from a
BE2017 / 5860 first position to a second position and from said second position to said first position by an energy source 23, located outside with respect to the first chamber 16 and forming the exciter. The internal channel being installed concentrically inside said first compartment 20.
The infrasonic waves are generated by the movable piston and transported by said transport fluid from said first compartment 20 to said second compartment 21, via the passage hole 22 before being transported through the tube 18 to reach the second bedroom 17.
The transport fluid blown by said blower 1 reaches the first compartment of the first chamber to enter the infrasound device via a supply line 24. The first chamber 16 is followed by a conical section 16a to the connection with the tube acting as a resonance tube 18. The transport fluid follows the tube 18 to reach a second expanding conical section 17a having a section widening in the direction of the second chamber 17 to which it is connected.
In a preferred embodiment, further comprising an adjustable flow distributor pipe 25 connected at a first end either to the blower 1, between the blower 1 and the first chamber 16, or to the first chamber 16, preferably to the first compartment 20, and at a second end to the second chamber 17. Said adjustable flow distributor pipe 25 is provided to divert a part of said transport fluid blown by the blower 1 and introduce it inside the second chamber 17 .
In another preferred embodiment, the device according to the present invention further comprises a Helmholtz bass trap (not illustrated) connected to said first chamber 16 or preferably on the pipeline between the blower and the first chamber. The Helmholtz bass trap is provided to prevent infrasonic waves transported inside said first
BE2017 / 5860 pneumatic transport pipeline 13 during said transport of pulverulent sorbent to reach blower 1.
In another preferred embodiment as shown in FIG. 1D, the device according to the present invention comprises an emergency situation device 26 having a first position which is an emergency situation position and a second position which is a operating position, said emergency device comprising a switch 27 connected to an emergency pipe 28 directly connecting the blower 1 to the first pneumatic conveying pipeline 13, downstream of the infrasound device 12. The switch 27 can be a three-way valve installed at a connection point, as shown, and thus all of the blown transport fluid passes through the emergency pipe 28, or it can be a two-way valve inserted at any position in the pipe 28 to allow the blown transport fluid to be transported (totally or partially depending on the position of the movable piston in the internal channel) downstream of the infrasound device 12.
The emergency position is a position in which the switch 27 prevents the blown transport fluid from entering said first chamber 16 and diverts it directly towards said first pneumatic transport pipeline 13, downstream of the infrasound device 12 and in which the operating position is a position in which the blown transport fluid is supplied at least partially to said first chamber 16.
The infrasound device operates at low pressure, which means that the pressure inside the infrasound device oscillates around atmospheric pressure, but remains below 1.5 bar absolute.
The infrasonic waves generated are high energy waves between 150 and 170 dB. The incoming transport fluid is introduced at a pressure of approximately 1.25 bar. The piston 23 propels the transport fluid from the inlet for the transport fluid 24. The power source drives the piston
BE2017 / 5860 to ensure its movement. The preferred diameter of the piston is between 50 and 150 mm. The piston moves from a first position to a second position inside a jacket connected to the first compartment 20. The jacket includes holes of a first type allowing the jacket to be in fluid connection with the transport fluid inlet 24. In addition, the piston 23 includes a head also provided with holes of a second type.
The jacket is located inside the first compartment 20 in fluid connection with the transport fluid inlet 24. When the piston 23 moves from the first position to the second position, the holes of the second type move progressively in front of the holes of the first type, allowing the transport fluid to move progressively from the first compartment 20 to the second compartment 21. When the piston 23 is in the first position, the holes of the first type form channels with the holes of the second type, ensuring complete passage of the transport fluid (open position). When the piston 23 is in the second position, the holes of the first type do not form channels with the holes of the second type, which therefore prevents the passage of the transport fluid (closed position).
The infrasonic pulse generator downstream generates the oscillation of the transport fluid at a sound frequency which is, in the case of infrasonic waves, less than 30 Hz, preferably about 20 Hz. The generation of the pulse, that is to say the displacement of the piston 23, generates a fluctuation in the pressure in the transport fluid at a sound frequency which propagates through the piping of the device.
The first chamber causes a reduction in the power of the oscillations, but increases the bandwidth. Indeed, as a resonance tube is provided, the frequency can vary from +0.5 to -0.5 Hz, which changes the location of the antinodes and vibrational nodes of sound in the first pneumatic transport pipeline.
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Preferably, the diameter of the base of the conical section 16a is between 350 and 500 mm and the diameter of the upper part of the conical section 16a is between 150 and 219 mm. The resonance tube 18 has a diameter between 150 and 300 mm and a length of X / 4, where X is the wavelength of the infrasonic signal. The resonance tube 18 allows the transport fluid to begin to resonate. The base of the conical section 17a is between 150 and 300 mm and the upper part of the conical section 17a has a diameter between 400 and 600 mm. The second chamber 17 propagates the oscillations to guarantee transmission to the pulverulent material. The length of the second chamber 17 is approximately 750 mm and the diameter is between 400 and 600 mm.
Figures 2 to 4 illustrate, but are not limited to, the preferred location of the sound device in a pneumatic transport system.
In another embodiment, the sound device can also be located downstream of the storage tank.
In the embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 2 to 4, the first pneumatic transport pipeline can be connected, as in FIGS. IA to 1D, to an oven, an incinerator, a boiler, a filter, a purifier or even to a silo. This was mentioned in the following by reception area.
According to the present invention, the term reception zone refers to a silo used to collect the pulverulent sorbent, a channel into which the pulverulent material, in particular the pulverulent sorbent, must be injected by pneumatic transport, like a combustion gas line, a pipeline inside a facility, gas purifiers, filtration devices, such as an electrostatic precipitator, bag filters, ...
FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a pneumatic transport system used to transport a pulverulent material, for example a pulverulent sorbent.
BE2017 / 5860
The pneumatic transport system comprises a blower 1 which is connected to a first pneumatic transport pipeline 13 and which blows a transport fluid, such as, for example, air, an inert gas, exhaust gases, or a mixture of these, in the first pneumatic transport pipeline 13.
A pulverulent material storage tank 2, in particular a pulverulent sorbent, is connected to the first pneumatic transport pipeline 13 via a metering means 3. The first pneumatic transport pipeline 13 comprising a pipeline wall is connected to said tank for storing pulverulent material 2, in particular pulverulent sorbent, and to the reception zone.
The transport fluid has a flow comprising a boundary layer along said wall of the pipeline, but also the particles of said pulverulent material have a boundary layer around them inside said transport flow.
The pulverulent material, in particular the pulverulent sorbent, is therefore transported pneumatically in the first pneumatic transport pipeline 13 from the pulverulent material storage tank 2, in particular pulverulent sorbent, to the combustion gas pipe of the receiving zone (not illustrated) by a flow of transport fluid generated by the blower 1 and blowing a transport fluid inside said first pneumatic transport pipeline 13 in which the particles of said pulverulent material, in particular of said pulverulent sorbent , are transported.
The metering means 3 doses a quantity of said pulverulent material, in particular of said pulverulent sorbent, when it enters from said pulverulent material storage tank 2, in particular of pulverulent sorbent, into said first pneumatic transport pipeline 13.
The metering means 3 are preferably selected from a metering screw, a rotary valve having a vertical shaft or a horizontal shaft, a
BE2017 / 5860 hovercraft, a jet feed device, a screw feed device, a honeycomb drum feed device, a screw pump, a pressure container, an air lift.
The pulverulent material, in particular the pulverulent sorbent, contained in the pulverulent material storage tank 2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrated lime, hydrated or semi-hydrated dolomite, limestone, dolomite, lime vivid, dolomite vivid, sodium carbonate or bicarbonate, sodium sesquicarbonate dihydrate (also known as trona), halloysite, sepiolite, a carbonaceous organic compound selected from activated carbon and lignite coke, fly ash or a mixture of any of these compounds.
In the illustrated embodiment, a drying device 4 is also provided for drying the transport fluid after it is blown by said blower in the first pneumatic transport pipeline 13 to further transport in the first pneumatic transport pipeline 13 a dry transport fluid. A mixing or connection device 5 is also present in the treatment installation to allow the mixing of the transport fluid blown by said blower 1 and of the pulverulent material, in particular of the pulverulent sorbent, metered by said metering means 3.
More specifically, a mixing device comprises a first supply tube where the transport fluid in the first pneumatic transport pipeline enters a mixing chamber to which the first supply tube is connected and a second supply tube connected to said metering means 3 and to said mixing chamber for introducing the pulverulent material. During the introduction of the pulverulent material and the transport fluid, a homogeneous mixture of the pulverulent material and the blown transport fluid takes place, which leaves the mixing chamber to continue its transport through said first pneumatic transport pipeline 13 to said reception area. In the first pneumatic transport pipeline, in
BE2017 / 5860 downstream of the mixing chamber, the particles are transported and disperse correctly in the transport fluid.
A sound device 12 is located or connected at any location between the blower and the combustion gas line, preferably as shown here, between the blower and the mixing device 5. The sound device 12 generates sound waves at inside said first pneumatic transport pipeline and / or to said receiving zone. In this preferred embodiment illustrated, the blower 1 connected to said first pneumatic transport pipeline 13 blows a transport fluid inside said first pneumatic transport pipeline 13, but also blows said transport fluid at least partially through said device sound
12.
In this illustrated embodiment, said metering means 3 situated between said pulverulent material storage tank 2 and said first pneumatic transport pipeline 13 also comes into contact with the sound waves transported inside said first pneumatic transport pipeline 13 during said transport of pulverulent material.
The term "connected to" means that an element is connected to another element directly or indirectly, which means that the elements are in communication with each other, but other elements can be inserted between them.
The term pneumatic transport of a pulverulent material refers, within the framework of the invention, to a pneumatic transport by negative pressure or by positive pressure, to a pneumatic transport of a pulverulent material in the form of a diluted phase in a transport fluid, or in the form of a discontinuous phase in a transport fluid.
During the pneumatic transport of a pulverulent material, pressure drop fluctuations occur at any time, very frequently and are difficult to control. Pressure drop fluctuations
BE2017 / 5860 may be due to a number of intrinsic factors in the pneumatic transport process or to an external event.
These pressure drop fluctuations disturb the entire pneumatic transport of the pulverulent material to be transported, causing different types of disturbances. Among other disturbances, one can find the fact that the pressure drop fluctuations cause a modification of the transport speed of the pulverulent material.
As explained at the beginning, the flows of pulverulent material have a saltation rate below which the pulverulent material, in particular the pulverulent sorbent, begins to deposit in the pneumatic conveying pipe, while it is given to a transport blown by blowers a safe nominal speed value, higher than the saltation speed, to prevent the pulverulent material, in particular the pulverulent sorbent, from settling inside the pneumatic transport hose.
In fact, the blowers are characterized by a curve between the pressure drop and the flow. The pressure drop is that imposed by the installation inside which a pneumatic transport must take place and the characterization curve of the blower gives a flow to the pneumatic transport of the pulverulent material, in particular of the pulverulent sorbent, which depends the value of the pressure drop found inside the installation.
As soon as there is a small fluctuation in pressure drop, the pressure drop begins to decrease or increase without it being possible to regulate it quickly enough so that the pneumatic transport of the pulverulent material is not disturbed. Therefore, for example, but not limited to again, as the pressure drop increases, the pneumatic speed or the flow rate of the transport fluid is reduced so that the speed of the transport fluid is likely to reach a value lower than the safe rated speed, which therefore causes sedimentation, inside the
BE2017 / 5860 pneumatic transport pipeline, of pulverulent material, in particular of powdered sorbent, transported pneumatically.
The pulverulent material therefore begins to accumulate inside the pneumatic transport pipeline, which in turn causes fluctuations in the pressure drop when the passage diameter of the pipeline available for pneumatic transport is reduced, which results in an increase in pressure drop which in turn has consequences for pneumatic transport.
As can be understood, the smallest individual fluctuation in the pressure drop, which occurs regardless of the level of optimization of the pneumatic transport, will have important consequences on the efficiency of the pneumatic transport of the pulverulent material, in particular of the powder sorbent inside the pneumatic transport pipeline.
This fluctuation phenomenon occurs in any transport fluid when it is blown, but, of course, it amplifies more when a pulverulent material is transported because the pulverulent material cannot itself easily restore the correct speed of pressure drop as soon as it begins to build up inside the pneumatic transport pipeline.
In the method according to the present invention, the sound device 12 generates sound waves inside said first pneumatic transport pipeline 13 to said reception area and provides an opposite action on the step of fluctuating the pressure drop. in said first pneumatic conveying pipeline to said receiving area.
Indeed, it has been unexpectedly realized that, when sound waves generate an increase in pressure, the increase in pressure has the capacity to counterbalance the step of fluctuating the pressure drop in said first pneumatic conveying pipeline and / or in said reception area.
BE2017 / 5860
The sound device preferably creates an increase in pressure in the first pneumatic transport pipeline near the sound generator from 20 to 200 mbar, in particular at least 30 mbar, preferably at most 150 mbar.
Preferably, when said sound device provides an opposite action on the step of fluctuating the pressure drop in said first pneumatic conveying pipeline and / or to said reception area, said sound device provides a smoothing action and / or a masking action on the step of fluctuating the pressure drop in said first pneumatic conveying pipeline and / or to said receiving zone.
The sound waves are used to increase the pressure drop, which means that the sound waves according to the present invention are used so that they are able to counterbalance the step of fluctuating the pressure drop, thereby minimizing disturbances causing the accumulation of pulverulent material in said pneumatic transport instead of treating or feedback on the accumulation of particles.
In the preferred embodiment illustrated, the opposite action on the step of fluctuating the pressure drop in said first pneumatic conveying pipeline 13 results in the improvement of the capture of polluting compounds by reducing the fluctuations in the pulverulent material, in particular the mineral powder sorbent, introduced into the combustion gas line by the sound waves transported inside said first pneumatic transport pipeline 13 during said pneumatic transport of pulverulent material.
Indeed, it was unexpectedly discovered that sound waves transported inside said first pneumatic transport pipeline during said pneumatic transport of pulverulent material have a direct impact on the fluctuations in a pneumatic transport of pulverulent material introduced into the zone. reception.
BE2017 / 5860
The proper use of traveling sound waves, creating an increase in pressure drop inside said first pneumatic transport pipeline 13 during said transport of powder material, can resolve fluctuations in the powder material, especially the sorbent powder, injected inside the reception area.
It has been shown that the sound waves transported inside said first pneumatic transport pipeline during said transport of pulverulent material prevent deficiencies when capturing pollutants inside the combustion gas line by very quickly counterbalancing the pressure drop fluctuations, thus preventing particles not having a sufficient speed from settling and allowing them to be transported by pneumatic transport and therefore still reach the combustion gas line. Indeed, the sound waves collide with the particles having a tendency to deposit on the wall of the first pneumatic transport pipeline when they do not have a sufficient speed to be transported pneumatically due to the existence of a boundary layer.
Indeed, the combination of the appropriate use of sound waves creating an increase in pressure drop in the first pneumatic transport pipeline together with the collision between the particles of powder material and the sound waves having a fluctuating frequency of the waves which change the location of the antinodes and vibrational nodes of the sound in the pipe.
FIG. 3 illustrates another possible location for a sound device in a pneumatic transport system according to the present invention.
As can be seen, in this embodiment, the sound device is not located in the first pneumatic transport pipeline 13 but, instead, is placed in parallel and is connected to the first pneumatic transport pipeline 13 by the through an outlet line 29
BE2017 / 5860 reaching the first pneumatic transport pipeline before the mixing device. The sound device is a dead end device.
FIG. 4 illustrates another possible location for a sound device in a pneumatic transport system according to the present invention.
As can be seen, in this embodiment, the sound device is not located in the first pneumatic transport pipeline 13 but, instead, is placed in parallel and is connected to the first pneumatic transport pipeline 13 by the 'via an outlet line 29 reaching the first pneumatic transport pipeline before the mixing device. The sound device 12 is a blowing device and is connected by an inlet pipe 30 to another blower 6.
FIG. 4A represents a multiline pneumatic transport system in which a sound device 12 is located upstream of the metering means 5 of the two pneumatic transport pipelines illustrated.
FIG. 5 is a Jenicke diagram for pulverulent material representing the cohesive behavior of the pulverulent material when it is hydrated lime.
As previously mentioned, the problem of adhesion to solid objects is becoming more and more important for particles with decreasing particle diameter because of the increase in the contribution of electrostatic forces compared to friction, impulse forces. and gravity.
Hydrated lime particles with a diameter (<100 μm) are generally classified as cohesive according to the Geldart classification and their flow properties can be assessed in detail using the flow function classification according to Jenicke.
With Jenicke's flow function, the internal cohesion of the powder is measured and this can be considered as a good indicator of the adhesion properties of a powder.
BE2017 / 5860
In Figure 5, the cohesion of two hydrated lime powders is presented. Powder A has a particle size d _p = 10 (μm), while powder B has a particle size d _p = 3 (pm). It is obvious that powder B is more cohesive and is classified by the flow function as being "very cohesive". Consequently, powder B will be much more sensitive to adhesion to the walls of a rigid pipe than powder A. Powder C is a powder which flows easily, powder D is a fluid powder, while powder E is a sticky powder.
Example
Tests have been carried out on an industrial scale, in a power station, in order to evaluate the effects of the present invention for the pneumatic transport of a powdered sorbent of the hydrated lime type, in particular with regard to the fluctuation of the drop in pressure inside the installation.
The power plant used in these tests, which is illustrated in FIG. 7, comprises a burner (15), an oven (31) for burning coal, said oven being connected to a combustion gas line in which the combustion gases generated in said oven are directed to an electrostatic precipitator (9), followed by a purifier (32) and then evacuated by a chimney (10).
Hydrated lime is injected into the combustion gas line of this power plant, before the electrostatic precipitator and before the stack, to capture gaseous pollutants, in particular SO ₂ . One such sorbent is hydrated lime with a high specific surface, as disclosed in document WO 9,714,650.
The installation further comprises a storage tank (2) for said hydrated powdered lime, said tank being connected to the furnace by means of a hopper (3) having two outlets for directing said hydrated powdered lime in parallel in two pipelines transport
BE2017 / 5860 pneumatic (13, 13 ') at an identical feed rate. The transport pipelines (13, 13 ') both have a diameter of 4 inches (10.2 cm). The hydrated lime feed rate is periodically adjusted, based on the amount of coal burned in the furnace and the amount of sulfur it contains.
The two transport pipelines are provided with blowers (1, Γ), the air (15,15 ') being the transport fluid.
These transport fluids (15, 15 ') are first dried by drying devices (14, 14') before entering the blowers (1, 1 ') and then cooled by cooling devices (4 , 4 ') after being blown by the blowers. The blowers (1, 1 ') have an initial pressure drop fixed at around 10 kPa.
In order to illustrate the present invention, the transport fluid (15 ') is also transferred into a sound device (12'), as previously described, before being in contact with hydrated lime.
The pressure drops in the two transport pipelines (13,13 ') are continuously measured by the blowers (1,1').
Consequently, with this installation, it is possible to compare in real time the fluctuation in pressure drop, notably generated by the variation over time of the flow rate of supply of injected hydrated lime, in a transport pipeline where no sound device is used, with respect to a transport pipeline according to the present invention comprising a sound device, as previously described.
The results are illustrated in Figures 6 and 6A.
FIG. 6 represents the pressure in the lines measured as a function of time during a period of five consecutive days of operation. FIG. 6 represents the reference case, that is to say that the sound device is not in operation and the conditions for the lines 13 ′ and 13 are similar. From Figure 6, it is evident that large fluctuations occur in
BE2017 / 5860 the pressure readings and that these pressure fluctuations are similar for the two lines 13 'and 13. Table 1 presents a statistical analysis of the pressure readings of Figure 6.
BE2017 / 5860
Table 1. Statistical analysis of the pressure signals of lines 13 'and 13 with the sound device not in operation
Line 13 'without sound Line 13 without soundMedium pressure 1.82 2.43 (PSI) Pressure fluctuations 0.54 0.53 (PSI) Relative pressure fluctuation 29.6 21.7 (%)
We can conclude from Table 1 that the two lines 13 'and 13 operate at similar average pressures, the line 13' operating at a lower average pressure. The pressure fluctuation of the two lines is shown in Table 1 as the standard deviation (lo) of the pressure signal. It is obvious that the pressure fluctuation is practically identical for the two lines. This means that, with the sound device not in operation, the pressure loss and the pressure variation are similar. Finally, we represent the relative pressure fluctuation in Table 1, which is the ratio between the standard deviation and the average pressure. Since the average pressure in line 13 'is slightly lower, the relative effect of pressure fluctuations is slightly higher. The relative pressure fluctuation is 22 to 30% in the two lines. This variation in pressure is very significant and will generate variations in gas flow in the pneumatic transport system. It should be noted that the reported pressure fluctuation is an average number for the entire five days of operation, the instantaneous pressure fluctuations being significantly higher.
FIG. 6A represents the pressure signal of the lines 13 'and 13 in the case where the sound device is in operation in the line 13' over a period of five days. It is obvious that the pressure in line 13 'is significantly higher than in line 13. Apparently, the use of the sound device in line 13' generates a higher pressure loss. It should be noted that in the case of operation without the sound device, the
BE2017 / 5860 line 13 'presented a slightly lower pressure compared to that of line 13, see figure 6. A statistical analysis of the pressure signal in figure
6A is given in table 2.
Table 2. Statistical analysis of the pressure signals of lines 13 'and 13 with the sound device in operation
Line 13 'withhis Line 13 withouthisMedium pressure 4.96 2.91 (PSI) Pressure fluctuations 0.35 0.51 (PSI) Relative pressure fluctuation 7.0 17.7 (PSI / PSI)
First of all, table 2 shows that the average pressure is practically higher by a factor of two (1.7) in the line with the sound device in operation (13 ') than in the line without the sound device (13 ). The pressure fluctuations, represented in table 2 in the form of the standard deviation (lo) of the pressure signal, show that the line with the sound device in operation (13 ') is much more stable than the line without the sound device (13). The standard deviation of the pressure signal is almost one and a half times higher (1.45) for the line without the sound device (13) than for the line with the sound device.
For the line with the sound device in operation (13 '), a consequence of the combination of a higher average pressure and a low standard deviation is that the relative pressure fluctuation (ratio between the standard deviation and the pressure average) is more than 2.5 times lower. Line (13), without the sound device, has a relative pressure fluctuation of 18% which is similar to the 22% found in the time window presented in Figure 6 and in Table 1. For the line with the sound device in operation (13 '),
BE2017 / 5860 the relative pressure fluctuation is only 7%. This lower pressure fluctuation, both absolute and relative, will result in significantly improved stability of the pneumatic transport system.
From Figures 6 and 6A and the statistical analysis of Tables 1 and 2, it is obvious that the sound device dampens pressure fluctuations and therefore improves the stability of the pneumatic transport system.
In addition, operation at a higher average pressure, in the case where the sound device is in operation, causes the pressure disturbances in the flue gas line to have a smaller effect on the pressure in the transport line. and, therefore, a smaller impact on the speed of the pneumatic air. This provides a more stable pneumatic transport operation.
Of course, the invention is not limited to the examples of embodiment described and shown above, from which other modes and other embodiments can be provided, without departing from the scope of the invention.

权利要求:
Claims (32)
[1]
1. A method of pneumatically transporting a pulverulent material, in particular a pulverulent sorbent, comprising the following steps
- pneumatic transport of a pulverulent material, in particular of a pulverulent sorbent, in a first pneumatic transport pipeline (13) from a pulverulent material storage tank (2), in particular a pulverulent sorbent, to a reception zone, said first pneumatic transport pipeline comprising a pipeline wall and being connected to said pulverulent material storage tank, in particular a pulverulent sorbent, and to said reception zone, said pulverulent material, in particular said pulverulent sorbent , being pneumatically transported inside said first pneumatic transport pipeline and into said receiving zone by a flow generated by a blower (1) connected to said first pneumatic transport pipeline and blowing a transport fluid inside said first pneumatic transport pipeline in which particles of said pulverulent material, in particular ier of said pulverulent sorbent, are transported,
a step of dosing powdered material, in particular a powdery sorbent, by means of a dosing means (3) for dosing a quantity of said powdery material, in particular said powdery sorbent, when it enters from said storage tank of pulverulent material, in particular said pulverulent sorbent, in said first pneumatic transport pipeline, said first pneumatic transport pipeline being connected to said pulverulent material storage tank, in particular said pulverulent sorbent, by means of said metering means,
a step of fluctuating pressure drop in said first pneumatic transport pipeline and / or to said receiving zone,
BE2017 / 5860 characterized in that a sound device (12) generates sound waves inside said first pneumatic transport pipeline and / or as far as said reception zone and provides an opposite action on the fluctuation step of the pressure drop in said first pneumatic conveying pipeline and / or to said receiving zone.
[2]
2. A method of pneumatically transporting a pulverulent material, in particular a pulverulent sorbent, according to claim 1, wherein the blower connected to said first pneumatic transport pipeline and blowing a transport fluid inside said first transport pipeline. pneumatic transport also blows said transport fluid at least partially through said sound device.
[3]
3. A method of pneumatically transporting a pulverulent material, in particular a pulverulent sorbent, according to claim 1 or claim 2, in which the sound device generating sound waves is an infrasound device generating infrasonic waves.
[4]
4. A method of pneumatically transporting a pulverulent material, in particular a pulverulent sorbent, according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein when said sound device provides an opposite action on the step of fluctuating the fall pressure in said first pneumatic conveying pipeline and / or to said receiving zone, said sound device provides a smoothing action and / or a masking action on the step of fluctuating the pressure drop in said first pipeline pneumatic transport and / or to said reception area.
[5]
5. A method of pneumatically conveying a pulverulent material, in particular a pulverulent sorbent, according to claim 3 or claim 4, both when dependent on claim 2, in which infrasonic waves are generated at the interior of an infrasound device (12) comprising a first chamber (16) and a second chamber (17), the first and second chambers being connected to each other by a tube
BE2017 / 5860 (18), said infrasonic waves being generated by an exciter (19) inside the first chamber supplying infrasonic pulses to said transport fluid blown at least partially inside said first chamber, said infrasonic waves generated being transported through the tube to reach the second chamber.
[6]
6. A method of pneumatically transporting a pulverulent material, in particular a pulverulent sorbent, according to claim 5, in which the first chamber is divided into a first compartment (20) and a second compartment (21), said first compartment. being in connection with said second compartment via a through hole (22), said first compartment comprising an internal channel inside which a movable piston is moved from a first position to a second position and from said second position to said first position by an energy source (23), located outside with respect to the first chamber and forming the exciter, said internal channel being installed concentrically inside said first compartment, said infrasonic waves being generated by the movable piston and transported by said transport fluid from said first compartment, towards said se cond compartment, through the passage hole before being transported through the tube to reach the second chamber.
[7]
7. A method of pneumatically transporting a pulverulent material, in particular a pulverulent sorbent, according to claim 6, further comprising a step of diverting part of said transport fluid blown by the blower before it enters the first compartment or connected to said first compartment and its introduction inside the second chamber.
[8]
8. A method of pneumatically transporting a pulverulent material, in particular a pulverulent sorbent, according to any one of claims 1 to 7, in which the pulverulent material, in particular the pulverulent sorbent, is
BE2017 / 5860 selected from the group consisting of hydrated lime, hydrated or semi-hydrated dolomite, limestone, dolomite, quicklime, quick dolomite, sodium carbonate or bicarbonate, sodium sesquicarbonate dihydrate, halloysite, sepiolite, a carbonaceous organic compound selected from activated carbon and lignite coke, fly ash or a mixture of any of these compounds.
[9]
9. A method of pneumatically transporting a pulverulent material, in particular a pulverulent sorbent, according to any one of claims 1 to 8, in which said transport fluid is air, an inert gas, gases of exhaust, or a mixture thereof.
[10]
10. A method of pneumatically transporting a pulverulent material, in particular a pulverulent sorbent, according to any one of claims 1 to 9, in which the sound waves transported inside said first pneumatic transport pipeline during said transport. of powder material, in particular a powder sorbent, also come into contact with said metering means.
[11]
11. A method of pneumatically transporting a pulverulent material, in particular a pulverulent sorbent, according to any one of claims 1 to 10, in which the sound waves travel inside said first pneumatic transport pipeline during said transport of pulverulent material, in particular of a pulverulent sorbent and preferably also move to the reception area.
[12]
12. A method of pneumatically transporting a pulverulent material, in particular a pulverulent sorbent, according to any one of claims 5 or 6 to 11, when they depend on claim 5, in which the infrasonic waves transported to the inside said first pneumatic transport pipeline during said transport of pulverulent material, in particular a pulverulent sorbent, are prevented from reaching the blower due
BE2017 / 5860 of a Helmholtz bass trap connected to said first chamber or preferably on the pipeline between the blower and the first chamber.
[13]
13. A method of pneumatically transporting a pulverulent material, in particular a pulverulent sorbent, according to any one of claims 5 or 6 to 12, when they depend on claim 5, comprising an emergency mode and an operating mode, in which in the emergency mode, the blown transport fluid is prevented from entering said first chamber and is diverted and blown directly into said first pneumatic transport pipeline, downstream of the sound device and wherein in the operating mode, the blown transport fluid is supplied at least partially to said first chamber.
[14]
14. Method for improving the capture of polluting compounds from combustion gases, comprising the following steps:
- the combustion of a fuel and / or a material to be burned or the heating of a material to be heated or melted, producing combustion gases in a receiving zone,
the pneumatic transport of a pulverulent sorbent supplied to capture said polluting compounds according to the method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, said receiving zone being a combustion gas pipe,
- The capture of polluting compounds by said pulverulent sorbent inside said combustion gas line, thereby reducing the polluting compounds in the combustion gas.
[15]
15. Method for improving the capture of polluting compounds from combustion gases according to claim 14, in which a step of fluctuating the operating conditions of said step of combustion of a fuel and / or of said material to be burned or to be heated or melted generates a first signal and / or the step of fluctuating the pressure drop inside said first transport pipeline, said method comprising
BE2017 / 5860 in addition to a step of adjusting said quantity of pulverulent sorbent in response to said first signal and / or to said step of fluctuating the pressure drop inside said first transport pipeline.
[16]
16. A method of improving the capture of polluting compounds from combustion gases according to claim 15, wherein said first signal is such that the wind speed of the environment at the exit of the chimney, the atmospheric pressure of the environment at the outlet of the chimney or outside said combustion gas line, the temperature of the combustion gas, the nature of the fuel, the sulfur content of the fuel, the sulfur content of the combustion gas, the chlorine content of the combustion gas, the mercury content of the combustion gas, the chlorine content of the material to be burned or heated or melted, the sulfur content of the material to be burned or heated or melted, the content in mercury of the material to be burned or heated or melted, and their combination.
[17]
17. Device for improving the capture of polluting compounds from combustion gases comprising
- a furnace or a combustion chamber supplied for burning a fuel and / or a material to be burned or to be heated or melted and producing combustion gases, said furnace or said combustion chamber being connected to a combustion gas line where the combustion gases generated in said furnace or said combustion chamber are directed,
- a powder sorbent storage tank connected to said combustion gas line by means of a first pneumatic transport pipeline, said first pneumatic transport pipeline being further connected to a blower provided for the pneumatic transport of said powder sorbent from from the powder sorbent storage tank in said first pneumatic transport pipeline to said combustion gas pipe, said first pneumatic transport pipeline comprising a pipeline wall and being connected to said combustion gas pipe,
BE2017 / 5860 said blower being supplied to generate a flow of transport fluid inside said first pneumatic transport pipeline in which particles of said pulverulent sorbent are transported,
- powder sorbent metering means provided for dosing a quantity of said powder sorbent when it enters from said powder sorbent storage tank into said first pneumatic transport pipeline, said first pneumatic transport pipeline being connected to said storage tank powdery sorbent through said metering means,
- a control device for adjusting said quantity of pulverulent sorbent in response to a first signal, characterized in that it further comprises a sound device connected to said first pneumatic transport pipeline and supplied to generate sound waves inside said first pneumatic transport pipeline and / or to said combustion gas pipe, said sound device being further provided to counterbalance a step of fluctuating the pressure drop in said first pneumatic transport pipeline and / or to said flue gas line.
[18]
18. Device for improving the capture of polluting compounds from combustion gases according to claim 17, further comprising a mixing or connection device located between said metering means and said first pneumatic transport pipeline, supplied for mixing. said pulverulent sorbent in said transport fluid.
[19]
19. Device for improving the capture of polluting compounds from combustion gases according to claim 17 or claim 18, further comprising a cooling device (4) located between said blower and said first pneumatic transport pipeline.
[20]
20. Device for improving the capture of polluting compounds from combustion gases according to any one of claims 17 to 19, in
BE2017 / 5860 which the sound device supplied to generate sound waves is an infrasound device supplied to generate infrasonic waves.
[21]
21. Device for improving the capture of polluting compounds from combustion gases according to claim 20, in which said infrasound device comprises a first and a second chamber, the first and the second chamber being connected to each other. other by a tube, said first chamber comprising an exciter situated inside said first chamber, supplied for generating said infrasonic waves by providing infrasonic pulses to said transport fluid blown at least partially inside said first chamber, said infrasonic waves being transported through the tube acting as a resonance pipeline to reach the second chamber.
[22]
22. Device for improving the capture of polluting compounds from combustion gases according to claim 21, in which the first chamber is divided into a first compartment and a second compartment, said first compartment being in connection with said second compartment by through a through hole, said first compartment comprising an internal channel inside which a movable piston is moved from a first position to a second position and from said second position to said first position by an energy source, located outside with respect to the first chamber and forming the exciter, said internal channel being installed concentrically inside said first compartment, said infrasonic waves being generated by the movable piston and transported by said transport fluid from said first compartment, to said second compartment, through the interior through the through hole before being transported through the tube to reach the second chamber.
[23]
23. Device for improving the capture of polluting compounds from combustion gases according to any one of claims 17 to 22, in
BE2017 / 5860 which said sound device is connected to said blower and to the first pneumatic transport pipeline.
[24]
24. Device for improving the capture of polluting compounds from combustion gases according to any one of claims 17 to 22, in which said sound device is connected to a second blower and to the first pneumatic transport pipeline between the tank. storage of powdered sorbent and the flue gas line.
[25]
25. Device for improving the capture of polluting compounds from combustion gases according to any one of claims 17 to 22, in which said sound device is connected to a second blower and to the first pneumatic transport pipeline between the tank. storage of powder sorbent and blower.
[26]
26. Device for improving the capture of polluting compounds from combustion gases according to any one of claims 22 to 25, further comprising an adjustable flow distributor pipe connected at a first end either to the blower, between the blower and the first chamber, either to the first chamber, preferably to the first compartment of the first chamber, and at a second end to the second chamber, said adjustable flow distributor pipe being provided for diverting part of said transport fluid blown by the blower and introduce it inside the second chamber.
[27]
27. Device for improving the capture of polluting compounds from combustion gases according to any one of claims 17 to 22, in which the powder sorbent storage tank is a powder sorbent storage tank of selected powder sorbent in the group consisting of hydrated lime, hydrated or semi-hydrated dolomite, limestone, dolomite, quicklime, quick dolomite, sodium carbonate or bicarbonate, sodium sesquicarbonate dihydrate, halloysite, sepiolite, a carbonaceous organic compound selected from activated carbon and coke
BE2017 / 5860 of lignite, fly ash or a mixture of any of these compounds.
[28]
28. Device for improving the capture of polluting compounds from combustion gases according to any one of claims 17 to 27, in which said transport fluid is air, an inert gas, exhaust gases, or a mixture of these.
[29]
29. Device for improving the capture of polluting compounds from combustion gases according to any one of claims 21 to 28, further comprising a Helmholtz bass trap connected to said first chamber or preferably on the pipeline between the blower and the first chamber, provided to prevent infrasonic waves transported inside said first pneumatic transport pipeline during said transport of pulverulent sorbent from reaching the blower.
[30]
30. Device for improving the capture of polluting compounds from combustion gases according to any one of claims 21 to 29, comprising an emergency situation device having a first position which is an emergency situation position and a second position which is an operating position, said emergency device comprising a switch connected to an emergency pipe directly connecting the blower to the first pneumatic conveying pipeline, downstream of the infrasound device, said position emergency situation being a position in which the switch prevents the blown transport fluid from entering said first chamber and diverting it directly to said first pneumatic transport pipeline, downstream of the infrasound device and in which the operating position is a position in which the blown transport fluid is supplied at least partially to ladi te first bedroom.
[31]
31. Device for improving the capture of polluting compounds from combustion gases according to any one of claims 17 to 30, in which said first signal is such that the wind speed of the environment at η
BE2017 / 5860 exit from the chimney, the atmospheric pressure of the environment at the exit of the chimney or outside said combustion gas pipe, the temperature of the combustion gas, the nature of the fuel, the sulfur content of the fuel, the sulfur content of the flue gas, the chlorine content of the flue gas, the mercury content of the flue gas, the chlorine content of the material to be burned or heated or melted, the sulfur content of the material to be burned or heated or melted, the mercury content of the material to be burned or heated or melted, and a combination thereof.
[32]
32. Device for improving the capture of polluting compounds from
10 of combustion gas according to any one of claims 17 to 31, wherein said metering means is selected from a metering screw, a rotary valve having a vertical shaft or a horizontal shaft, a hovercraft, a supply device jet, a screw feeder, a honeycomb drum feeder, a screw pump, a pressure vessel, a
Air lift, said metering means being located between said powder sorbent storage tank and said first pneumatic transport pipeline being provided to be in contact with sound waves transported inside said first pneumatic transport pipeline during said transport of powder sorbent.

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同族专利:

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公开号 | 公开日

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EP3544722A1|2019-10-02|

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FR3059311A1|2018-06-01|

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JP2020506791A|2020-03-05|

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TW201825375A|2018-07-16|

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BR112019010748A2|2019-10-01|

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CL2019001418A1|2019-08-09|

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CA3044611A1|2018-05-31|

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BE1025278A1|2019-01-03|

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WO2018096167A1|2018-05-31|

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KR20190091288A|2019-08-05|

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CN109996601A|2019-07-09|

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法律状态:
2019-02-04| FG| Patent granted|Effective date: 20190109 |

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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EP15361618|2016-11-28|

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PCT/EP2016/079012|WO2018095553A1|2016-11-28|2016-11-28|Process for pneumatically conveying a powdery material|

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US15361618|2016-11-28|

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US15/361,618|US10627108B2|2016-11-28|2016-11-28|Process for pneumatically conveying a powdery material|

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